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1. Rapid Learning of Syllable Classes from a Perceptually Continuous Speech Stream (EJ775146)
Author(s):
Endress, Ansgar D.; Bonatti, Luca L.
Source:
Cognition, v105 n2 p247-299 Nov 2007
Pub Date:
2007-11-00
Pub Type(s):
Journal Articles; Reports - Research
Peer-Reviewed:
Yes
Descriptors: Learning Theories; Syllables; Linguistics; Models; Language Processing
Abstract: To learn a language, speakers must learn its words and rules from fluent speech; in particular, they must learn dependencies among linguistic classes. We show that when familiarized with a short artificial, subliminally bracketed stream, participants can learn relations about the structure of its words, which specify the classes of syllables occurring in first and last word positions. By studying the effect of familiarization length, we compared the general predictions of associative theories of learning and those of models postulating separate mechanisms for quickly extracting the word structure and for tracking the syllable distribution in the stream. As predicted by the dual-mechanism model, the preference for structurally correct items was negatively correlated with the familiarization length. This result is difficult to explain by purely associative schemes; an extensive set of neural network simulations confirmed this difficulty. Still, we show that powerful statistical computations operating on the stream are available to our participants, as they are sensitive to co-occurrence statistics among non-adjacent syllables. We suggest that different learning mechanisms analyze speech on-line: A rapid mechanism extracting structural information about the stream, and a slower mechanism detecting statistical regularities among the items occurring in it. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
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2. How to Hit Scylla without Avoiding Charybdis: Comment on Perruchet, Tyler, Galland, and Peereman (2004) (EJ741400)
Bonatti, Luca L.; Nespor, Marina; Pena, Marcela; Mehler, Jacques
Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, v135 n2 p314-321 May 2006
2006-05-00
Journal Articles; Reports - Descriptive
Descriptors: Criticism; Syllables; Artificial Speech; Computation; Generalization; Phrase Structure; Reader Response; Misconceptions
Abstract: M. Pena, L. L. Bonatti, M. Nespor, and J. Mehler (see record 2002-06215-001) argued that humans compute nonadjacent statistical relations among syllables in a continuous artificial speech stream to extract words, but they use other computations to determine the structural properties of words. Instead, when participants are familiarized with a segmented stream, structural generalizations about words are quickly established. P. Perruchet, M. D. Tyler, N. Galland, and R. Peereman (see record 2004-21166-008) criticized M. Pena et al.'s work and dismissed their results. In this article, the authors show that P. Perruchet et al.'s criticisms are groundless. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
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