J. Molteni 1, B.A. Perez, E. Wright 1, and V. Lopez 1.
1 University of Buenos
Aires, Faculty of Agronomy Cathedra of Crop Health; and Cathedra
of Statistics3.
Four Argentine durum wheat cultivars (Bonaerense
Quilaco,
Bonaerense Valverde, Buck Candisur, and Buck Cristal) and the
wheat relatives T. monococcum, Ae. squarrosa, and
T. timopheevii were evaluated for seedling reaction to
an Argentine isolate of powdery mildew (Bgt) avirulent on Ulka
1 (Pm2), Asosan (Pm3a), Chul (Pm3b), and
Khapli (Pm4a), and virulent on Norka (Pm1). The
cultivar Bonaerense Valverde had resistant seedlings. The resistance
of Bonaerense Valverde (Giorgio 370//Capellis/Yuma) may have been
derived from T. dicoccum through Yuma, one of its progenitors,
which has the powdery mildew resistance gene Pm4a. The
wheat relatives T. monococcum, Ae. squarrosa, and
T. timopheevii were highly resistant to the Bgt isolate.
CORDOBA NATIONAL UNIVERSITY
College of Agriculture, P.O. Box 506, 5000 Cordoba,
Argentina.
Stomatal size in the flag leaf of Triticum aestivum.
A.L. Pascualides, S.P. Gil, and M.M. Cerana.
This study determined the relationship between genotypes, row spacing, and stomatal size in the flag leaf of bread wheat. Two commercial varieties (Las Rosas INTA and PROINTA Oasis) and two experimental lines (T7 and T24) were sown late in the season (20 June) at 15 and 30 cm row spacing between rows. There were significant differences between genotypes (> 0.0001). PROINTA Oasis had the widest stomata and T7 the longest ones. However, there was no significant interaction between `distance x variety' for stomatal length or width, but the length changed significantly at two distances (P > 0.0189). The stomata were longer at 15 cm row spacing. This result agreed with a higher yield at that distance.
Morphological changes of flag leaf in bread wheat related
to three cycles of recurrent selection.
S.P. Gil, G. Mas, A.L. Pascualides, and R. Maich.
This research determined the variation in three morphological
characters of the flag leaf after three cycles of a recurrent
selection program for grain yield. Eleven families from each
of two populations analyzed (C0 and C3),
were studied during two consecutive years. Five flag leaves from
each family were studied. The characters analyzed were length,
width, and flag leaf area. A significant increase from C0
(the initial population) to C3 (a more evolved population)
was observed only for the flag leaf width. However, the significance
of mean differences had a low probability (10 %), indicating that
any change occurred was small.
Attributes that confer competitive ability in wheat.
M. Zaninetti and R. Maich.
In this study we determined the changes produced
by a cyclical process of selection and recombination in relation
to the number of fertile and total tillers, the relationship between
both variables, and plant height. These are attributes potentially
related with the competitive ability in wheat. A yield trial
between S1:3 lines, 12 per each recurrent selection
cycle analyzed (C0 to C3), was conducted
during 1996. The trial was grown in a randomized complete block
design with two replications. The experimental units were 1.3
m row plots with an intrarow spacing of 20 cm. Considering the
mean values of the C0 and the C3 populations,
significant differences were observed for the characters of number
of total tillers and the ratio of fertile/total tillers. The
C3 cycle was superior for the number of tillers, but
less for the ratio compared with the C0. These results
show a significant increase in the tiller production, but without
a major production of fertile tillers. After cultivation under
other environmental conditions different than that of the semiarid
region, we will be able to confirm if C3 can produce
a major number of fertile tillers per unit area.
Recurrent selection for grain yield: an experience under
semiarid environmental conditions.
R. Maich.
A yield trial in 1996 measured the direct and indirect
response in a recurrent selection program for the improvement
of grain yield. Twelve S1:3 lines from each of the
three cycles of selection studied (C0, C1,
C2, and C3) were evaluated in single-row
plots. A completely random block design with two replications
was used. Statistical analysis showed significant differences
between cycles for grain and biological yield, but not for harvest
index. Lines selected from the second cycle had higher yields
than those that originated from the C0 population,
the other mean differences were not significant. However, with
respect to the overall trial mean, only C2 and C3
mean values were superior. In conclusion, several studies made
in the central semiarid region of Argentina measuring the genetic
gain through a recurrent selection scheme show that more cycles
and different selection and evaluation environmental conditions
are needed to obtain reliable results about the microevolution
process operating in these populations.
Morphological changes in wheat seeds after three cycles
of recurrent selection for grain yield.
I. Arguello, J. Concioni, and R. Rolando.
Does an increase in the dimension of the seed (length,
width, and thickness) produced an increase in its weight? The
present work studied the changes in length, width, thickness,
and weight of the seeds as a result of a recurrent selection scheme
directed to improve grain yield.
No significant difference between the mean values
corresponding to C0 and C3 cycles were observed
for the four characters analyzed. However, a descriptive analysis
showed a slight increase for each one, the most relevant being
1,000-kernel weight. Moreover, some transgressive values also
were observed.
Gene frequency variations of glutenin loci in cyclically-improved
wheat populations.
A. Ordonez and R. Maich.
From a microevolution point of view, there is doubt
that cyclical selection and recombination (i.e., recurrent selection)
promotes changes in the gene frequencies of those genetic determinants
biologically related or not to the character analyzed. We will
analyze the changes in gene frequency corresponding to glutenin
loci in several wheat populations improved for grain yield. Seed
from each of the different cycles of selection obtained (four
to five) will be analyzed by SDS-PAGE.
Results will be interpreted through a direct gene frequency comparison
between the lesser and more evolved populations. Eventual changes
could create doubt about the relationship among quantitative and
qualitative parameters (i.e., grain yield and breadmaking quality)
or linkage relations. In both cases, any degree of genetic variance
could be use as rational decision in order to increase its efficiency
in a plant breeding program.
ITEMS FROM AUSTRALIA
NEW SOUTH WALES
THE UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY
PBI Cobbitty and Department of Crop Sciences, Private Bag 11,
Camden, NSW, 2570; and Sydney, 2006, Australia.
J. Bell, L.W. Burgess, G.N. Brown, M. Fordyce, H-S.
Hwang, S. Johnston, D.R. Marshall, J.D. Oates, R.F. Park,
P.J. Sharp, D. Singh, F.L. Stoddard. M. Turner, C.R.
Wellings, and C. Zhao.
1996 was a great year for wheat. Australia produced
a record crop of 23.5 MT with very little weather damage. This
included a low amount of red seeded winter wheat destined for
feed grain.
Rust pathogenicity surveys.
Pathogenicity surveys took on a new dimension in
1996. With increased cultivation of red-seeded, stem rust-susceptible,
long-season winter wheats such as Lawson, More, and Declic and
of Paterson with Sr9g in cooler high altitude and/or high
rainfall areas, we made more intensive surveys both in season
and prior to planting, in order to assure growers of continued
low levels of inoculum. Very low levels of stem rust were found,
and these were mainly on in southern N.S.W. and Victoria. A number
of collections were identified as pathotype 98-1,2,3,5,6,
which is virulent on Paterson. Resistant cultivars are considered
a priority for this new industry. Severe leaf rusting occurred
on one crop of Paterson in N.S.W. A new pathotype initially identified
as 76-1,3,5 was identified in samples from this crop and
from three other lightly infected crops. Multipathotype studies
of Paterson indicated the presence of LrH and Lr13.
Further studies are expected to confirm virulence for Lr13,
in which case the pathotype designation will be 76-1,3,5,10.
LrH, originally found in Harrier, is located in chromosome
2A and is allelic with Lr17.
Apart from the winter wheats, the only occurrence
of stem rust was on biscuit wheats in an irrigation area of southern
N.S.W. The `Paterson'
race was identified.
Leaf rust was widespread and moderate to severe in
Western Australia, where the predominant pathotype was 104-1,2,3,(6),(7),11.
Stripe rust was first reported at Narrabri in July, 1996, but
was subsequently widely distributed throughout southeastern Australia.
Severe infestation of barley grass within cereal crops and on
headlands was again observed. Pathotype distributions were similar
to past years, but the frequency of avirulence on Heines VII (Yr2
+) continued to increase. Pt 110 E143 A+ was isolated from Tasmanian
samples.
Host resistance studies.
The stem rust resistance genes Sr39 and Sr40
appear to recombine with other important genes, including Sr9
alleles, Sr32, Sr36, and Yr7/Yr5, on chromosome
2B. A new gene for stripe rust resistance, identified among T.
dicoccoides derivatives from Israel, is undergoing chromosome
location. Stripe rust resistance was identified in wheat lines
with Pm21 derived from H. villosa. Gene YrSk
in Selkirk and many CIMMYT lines is closely linked with Lr23/Lr13/Ne2.
Selected Australian isolates of P. recondita
were tested for pathogenicity with respect to the adult plant
resistance gene Lr12 by inoculating adult plants of Thatcher
and the near isogenic line Thatcher + Lr12. Five pathotypes
were found to be virulent for Lr12, and all five possessed
virulence for the complementary genes Lr27 + Lr31.
F1 seedlings from intercrosses between Thatcher +
Lr12 and several lines possessing only Lr27 (Warigo,
Madden, Hope, Eradu, Cranbrook, and Rescue as shown earlier by
R.P. Singh) were seedling resistant in greenhouse tests, showing
a resistance phenotype similar to that conferred by the complementary
gene combination Lr27 + Lr31. These results indicate
that either Lr12 and Lr31 are the same gene (both
are known to be located on chromosome 4B), or that the two genes
are linked in coupling. Further tests are being conducted.
Cereal rye and triticale breeding.
Future breeding of cereal rye and triticale will
emphasize the development of spring hybrid cultivars and the development
of new products to meet industry needs. A rye cultivar, presently
known as Super Rysun Reselection, will be available to growers
in 1997, and a CIMMYT long-season grain triticale (420-17)
should also be available. One CIMMYT spring triticale and a number
of dual-purpose local triticales are currently under increase
for release in 1998, including a rust-resistant Madonna reselection
and an awnletted cultivar.
Doubled-haploid service.
The University of Sydney, Plant Breeding Institute,
Cobbitty, offers a doubled-haploid service for all wheat
breeding programs, utilizing either the wheat x maize technology,
or a new isolated microspore culture system (patent pending).
The service currently applies to wheat, barley, triticale and
cereal rye. The approximate cost for bread wheat and barley doubled
haploids is $6 Aust. per doubled haploid line (plus postage and
quarantine, if applicable). Contact Dr. Norman Darvey for further
information.
IA Watson Wheat Research Centre, Narrabri, 2390, NSW Australia.
L. O'Brien, F.W. Ellison, D. Bonnett, D.J. Mares, and S.G. Moore.
The highlight of 1996 was the release of the new wheat cultivar, Sunlin, by the Minister for Primary Industries and Energy at a field day. Sunlin was developed from the `Kite/Sunelg' family of wheats, favored by growers in some areas, because of their ability to endure harsh production conditions. A disadvantage of Kite and Sunelg was that their quality attributes gave them a maximum receival classification of Australian Hard. The major advantage of Sunlin is that it has retained all the advantages of its progenitors, such as resistance to the three rusts, and some tolerance to crown rot, common root rot, and sprouting but has quality attributes of improved milling quality, dough strength, extensibility, and breadmaking quality that make it eligible for acceptance into the Prime Hard Grade. This acceptance will make it a popular variety with growers, and it should quickly replace Kite and Sunelg in areas where they are currently planted.
QUEENSLAND WHEAT RESEARCH INSTITUTE
P.O. Box 2282, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia.
Soilborne diseases of wheat in Queensland.
G.B. Wildermuth, R.B. Mc Namara, and T.M. Sparks.
Crown rot again was widespread in southern Queensland
and in some areas of central Queensland. In southern Queensland,
some growers in the Pittsworth district were concerned that crown
rot was present in crops that were planted after three crops of
sorghum.
Synthetic hexaploids were tested to determine if
they had higher sources of resistance. Initial screening was
used a seedling test. Further field testing will be conducted
on these lines.
Advanced breeding lines from QWRI and the University
of Sydney breeding programs were tested for their reaction to
crown rot. The level of disease in this trial was high, with
plants in some highly susceptible varieties dead before head emergence.
One advanced line has partial resistance to crown rot and will
be a useful addition to the current suite of varieties. This
line should be a replacement for more susceptible varieties that
are currently grown.
Root-lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus thornei).
J.P. Thompson, T.G. Clewett, J. Sheedy, and M.I.
Haak.
Crop damage caused by root-lesion nematode was
widespread in southern Queensland and northern New South Wales
in the 1996 season. The problem was more noticeable because most
wheat in 1996 was sown directly after wheat or other susceptible
crops like chickpea (Cicer arietinum) or mungbean (Vigna
radiata). By contrast, in 1995 much of the wheat crop was
sown after 18 months of fallow, because of a drought in 1994.
The nematode was diagnosed on many farms in new areas further
west than region than where it was previously detected. Evidence
suggests nematodes spread in flood waters (both along rivers and
in local runoff across fields) and in infested soil adhering to
farm machinery.
We are testing for tolerance to P. thornei
for GRDC's
Northern Wheat Improvement Program. The northern GRDC region
tests all its wheat varieties and advanced lines from all plant
breeding programs annually. Tolerance is assessed as yield on
a nematode-infested site at Formartin on the Darling Downs. The
site is managed in a 4-year rotation to challenge test wheats
with a high population of P. thornei, but not soilborne
fungal diseases.
Two recent releases, Sunvale and Pelsart, have exceptional
tolerance of P. thornei. Pelsart also has useful resistance
to crown rot and black point. Varietal tolerance is expressed
as percentage yield of the variety Sunvale, averaged over a number
of years in early and late planted trials at the one site. Some
popular and recently released varieties have approximately a 50
% yield loss when attacked by nematodes. The relative tolerances
of varieties established at this site have been confirmed by varietal
performance. These tests were on various farms throughout the
northern region in 1996.
Although tolerance allows wheats to yield well under
attack, nematodes still multiply in the roots increasing the overall
problem. One selection from Gatcher with partial resistance,
GS50a, produces final nematode populations that are only one-tenth
as high as the susceptible varieties. However, we are searching
for more complete sources of resistance.
One potential source of resistance to P. thornei
for wheat is the goatgrass Ae. tauschii. Thirty-nine
out of 244 accessions of Ae. tauschii had lower numbers
of P. thornei in their roots than GS50a when tested in
two replicated experiments. Resistance was most common in Ae.
tauschii ssp strangulata, with 50 % of accessions in
the most resistant group and more in a highly susceptible group.
Work is proceeding to utilize the resistance(s) of Ae. tauschii
to produce resistant wheat varieties.
Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia.
Germplasm enhancement program.
M.A. Fabrizius, M. Cooper, P.S. Brennan, and F.W.
Ellison.
The goal of the program is to develop a high-yielding,
high-quality source of germplasm within Australia. A recurrent
selection program was established to mix high-yielding international
germplasm with high-quality or high-yielding Australian germplasm.
The recurrent selection cycle has 2 years of crossing and seed
increase followed by 2 years of multi-environment testing
of S1 families for yield and protein concentration.
About 8,000 seeds were collected from emasculated heads in a
random pollination block in 1996. Two dominant, nuclear male-sterile
genes are being backcrossed to the original parents for possible
use. After selection for rust resistance and height in 1997,
about 800 S1 families will be advanced to multi-environment
testing. Computer simulation is being used to evaluate population
size and selection intensity for the recurrent selection cycle
and their impact on short and long term gain.
Optimal breeding methodology for population improvement.
N. Jensen and M. Cooper.
This project involves (1) experimentally evaluating
the relative merits of the straight cross and backcross strategies
for transferring genetic gains between population-improvement
and pedigree-breeding programs and (2) using the computer simulation
model QU-GENE to evaluate the relative efficiency of several
crossing and selection strategies used to improve gene frequencies
for quantitative traits in population improvement.
QU-GENE: computer simulation of breeding populations.
D. Podlich and M. Cooper.
The objective in developing QU-GENE was to provide
a flexible simulation capability for analysis of a wide range
of genetic models and investigation of their applicability to
genotype-environment
systems. The QU-GENE software comprises two major components:
1. The genotype-environment
system engine (QU-GENE). This program produces a population of
genotypes (bag of seed) from a defined genetic model.
2. Application modules that examine properties of
the genotype-environment
system by investigating, analyzing or manipulating the population
of genotypes created from QU-GENE. The module GEPRSS implements
the Germplasm Enhancement Program currently used in the Northern
Wheat Improvement Program. This may provide useful insight into
many theoretical aspects underlying the model, including effective
population size, selection pressure, and long-term genetic gains.
The relationship between the T1BL-1RS
translocation and grain yield in Queensland environments.
A.S. Peake, M. Cooper, and M.A. Fabrizius.
Three recombinant, inbred wheat populations segregating
for presence or absence of the T1B-1RS
wheat-rye
translocation were yield-tested in four Queensland environments
in 1995 and 1996. The three populations were developed from the
following crosses (T1B-1BS
parent listed first): `Hartog/Seri',
`Hartog/Genaro',
and `Banks/Seri'.
Preliminary results from analysis of the 1995 trials indicate that in the two populations that utilized Hartog as a parent, the T1B-1RS RILs show no significant yield difference (p > 0.05) from the T1B-1BS RILs. A significant yield increase (p < 0.05) was observed in the third population.
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCINECES, VIENNA
Institute of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Department of Plant
Breeding, Gregor Mendel Str. 33, A-1180 Vienna, Austria.
Research activities on Fusarium head blight (scab) of wheat.
Hermann Buerstmayr, Marc Lemmens, Heinrich Grausgruber,
Rudolf Krska, Rainer Schuhmacher, M.L. Doldi-Heher, G. Neuhold,
Olga Semenova, M. Fidesser, and P. Ruckenbauer.
Studies on the genetic basis of FHB resistance
in wheat: identification of chromosomes carrying resistance genes.A backcross reciprocal monosomic analysis
was made with the monosomics of the highly susceptible cultivar
Hobbit-sib. The monosomics were crossed with two resistant
Hungarian breeding lines (U-136.1 and U-226.1), which
have resistance from Nobeokabozu-komugi and/or Sumai #3 in
their pedigree. Several chromosomes were involved in resistance.
The strongest effects were observed for chromosomes 5A, 6B, and
6D.
Single-chromosome substitution lines, including the
Hobbit-sib (T. macha), Chinese Spring (Cheyenne),
Chinese Spring (T. spelta), Chinese Spring (Hope), and
Chinese Spring (Lutescens) substitution series were investigated.
Resistance to FHB and deoxynivalenol were tested. Significant
correlation was found for field resistance and toxin tolerance
for Hobbit-sib (T. macha). Chromosomes 6B, 4A, and
5A influenced both traits. (Grausgruber-funded
by the Austrian Science Fund, project # P9190-BIO)
Identification of molecular markers linked to
FHB-resistance genes in wheat. F1-derived
doubled haploids from crosses between two resistant (Frontana
and CM 82036 (= Sumai 3/Thornbird)) and one susceptible cultivar
(Remus) were produced in this project. Doubled haploids were
obtained by pollination of wheat florets with maize pollen, embryo
rescue, and colchicine treatment. The doubled haploid populations
will be checked for expression of FHB-resistance traits in field
trials after artificial inoculation and also for tolerance to
the Fusarium mycotoxin deoxynivalenol. Different types of DNA
markers (RFLP and microsatellite) will be tested for polymorphism
in these populations. Segregation analysis of polymorphic DNA
markers will be made. The availability of data on Fusarium resistance
and resistance to the toxin, together with information on molecular
markers, will allow the determination of QTLs. The resistant
genotypes also will be crossed to adapted Austrian wheat lines
in cooperation with the private wheat breeding company Probstdorfer
Saatzucht. Marker-assisted selection for scab resistance should
become feasible in the future (Buerstmayr-funded
by the Austrian Science Fund, project # P11884-GEN)
Improvement of artificial inoculation techniques
for FHB in wheat and their influence on deoxynivalenol (DON) content.
Several artificial inoculation methods were made with Fusarium
isolates consisting of either mycelium or macroconidia to optimize
inoculation techniques. Both the accuracy and repeatability of
each inoculation method were evaluated. The influence of inoculation
technique on DON content in the kernels also was investigated.
(Lemmens and Buerstmayr-funded
by the Austrian National Bank Fund, project # 4906)
Investigations on the relation between field data
and Fusarium toxin content after artificial inoculation.
This project hopes to identify a parameter (e.g., visual observation
data of the disease development, yield loss, percentage of infected
kernels, or density of the infected kernels) that is easily determined
and correlates well with the toxin content (DON, zearalenone (ZON),
or moniliformin (MON)). Investigations will be made on a set
of winter and spring wheat genotypes with a widely varying range
of FHB resistance. These genotypes will be artificially inoculated
with either F. graminearum, F. culmorum, or F.
avenaceum. (Lemmens, Krska, and Schuhmacher-funded
by the Federal Ministry of Agriculture, project # L 0947/95)
Determination of fungal extracellular lytic enzymatic
activities and toxin content in artificially inoculated wheat
samples. A set of winter and spring wheat
genotypes with a widely varying range of FHB resistance was artificially
inoculated with either F. graminearum, F. culmorum,
or F. avenaceum. The activities of fusarial cellulase,
xylanase, glucanase, amylase, and protease are quantified in contaminated
grain probes using dye-labeled substrates (CM-cellulose-RBB,
CM-xylan-RBB, CM-amylose-RBB, and CM-Pachymann-RBB).
Enzyme activities are then related to the mycotoxin content (DON,
ZON, and MON) of the same probes. (Semenova-funded
by the Austrian National Bank Fund, project # 5939)
Health aspects of Fusarium contamination of cereals.
We will examine the allergic activity of Fusarium spp.
occurring on wheat in Austria. The toxicity of beauvericin (a
Fusarium mycotoxin, recently discovered for the first time in
Austria) on mammalian cells (terminal ileum of guinea pig) and
plant cells also will be studied. (Lemmens, in cooperation with
other institutions-funded
by the Federal Ministry of Health, project # GZ 355.031)
Investigations on the resistance mechanisms in
FHB on wheat. The goal is to investigate
the relative importance of resistance types I, II, and III. The
role of DON and Fusarium extracellular lytic enzymes as aggressiveness
factors will be examined. In addition, the tolerance mechanisms
of wheat to DON and ZON will be investigated. [Marc Lemmens]
Publications.
Buerstmayr H, Lemmens M, Grausgruber H, and Ruckenbauer
P. 1996. Scab resistance of international wheat germplasm.
Cereal Res Commun 24:195-202.
Buerstmayr H, Lemmens M, Patschka G, Grausgruber
H, and Ruckenbauer P. 1996. Head blight (Fusarium spp.)
resistance of wheat cultivars registered in Austria. Die Bodenkulur
47:183-190.
Krska R, Lemmens M, Schuhmacher R, Grasserbauer M,
Pronczuk M, Wisniewska H, and Chelkowski J. 1996. Accumulation
of the mycotoxin beauvericin in kernels of corn hybrids inoculated
with Fusarium subglutinans. J Agric Food Chem 44:3665-3667.
Krska R, Schuhmacher R, Grasserbauer M, Lemmens M,
Lemmens-Gruber R, Adler A, and Lew H. 1997. Toxicity of
beauvericin to mammalian cells and its production by Austrian
isolates of Fusarium proliferatum and Fusarium subglutinans.
Mycotoxin Res (In Press).
Vollmann H, Buerstmayr H, and Ruckenbauer P. 1996. Efficient Control Of Spatial Variation In Yield Trials Using Neighbor Plot Residuals. Exper Agric 32:185-197.
IFA - INSTITUTE OF AGROBIOTECHNOLOGY
Department of Plant Biotechnology, Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, A-3430
Tulln, Austria.
Wheat storage proteins and bread making quality in hexaploid
winter wheat.
S. Groeger, A. Koutnik, and T. Lelley.
Winter wheat cultivars from Austria and Hungary with different storage-protein combinations were crossed in order to determine the influence of different protein fractions, especially different protein alleles, on breadmaking quality. Eight crosses produced 1,200 double haploid lines (1993-95). After we investigated their protein composition, 250
DH lines were increased in field-trials 1995-96
and 1996-97.
The trials should provide enough material to determine different
quality parameters. Knowledge of the protein composition and
breadmaking quality of each line will allow us to estimate the
influence of different proteins and protein alleles. SDS-PAGE
(HMW glutenins, LMW glutenins, and D-zone omega gliadins)
and A-PAGE
(gliadins) will determine the protein composition. Differences
in quality and quantity of these protein fractions are important
for breadmaking quality. Quantitative measurements of the gluten
fractions are made to determine the influence of different quantities
using RP-HPLC,
densitometry, and turbidimetric measurements.
Publications.
Groeger S, Oberforster M, Werteker M, and Lelley
T. 1996. Quality and quantity of HMW-glutenin subunits
in relation to breadmaking quality in Austrian winter wheat cultivars.
In: Proc 6th Inter Gluten Workshop (Wrigley CW ed).
Royal Austral Chem Inst, North Melbourne. pp. 43-47.
Lelley T, Pechanek U, Groeger S, Karger A, Charvat
B, Schoeggl G, and Liebhard P. 1996. Effect of N fertilization
on quantity of different protein components of the gluten; consequences
for breadmaking quality. In: Proc 6th Inter Gluten Workshop
(Wrigley CW ed). Royal Austral Chem Inst, North Melbourne. pp.
24-28.
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