U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICEUpspring--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: | depth to rock,| slope, | depth to rock,| slope, | depth to rock,| small stones, | slope | depth to rock | slope | depth to rock | slope | droughty, | | | | | | slope | | | | | | 2432: | | | | | | Zibate----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | slope, | depth to rock | small stones, | | | | depth to rock | | depth to rock | | | | | | 2495: | | | | | | Downeyville-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: | depth to rock,| slope, | depth to rock,| slope, | depth to rock,| small stones, | slope | depth to rock | slope | depth to rock | slope | slope, | | | | | | depth to rock | | | | | | Gabbvally-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: | depth to rock,| slope, | depth to rock,| slope, | depth to rock,| small stones, | slope | depth to rock | slope | depth to rock | slope | slope, | | | | | | depth to rock _________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________ U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICEBUILDING SITE DEVELOPMENT
General Use
(The information in this report indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need for onsite investigation) _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping | | basements | basements | buildings | | _________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________ | | | | | | 2010: | | | | | | Longjim---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: | cemented pan | cemented pan | cemented pan | slope, | cemented pan | cemented pan | | | | cemented pan | | | | | | | | 2140: | | | | | | Jonnic----------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: | cemented pan | shrink-swell, | cemented pan | shrink-swell, | cemented pan, | small stones, | | cemented pan, | | slope, | shrink-swell, | droughty, | | large stones | | cemented pan | large stones | cemented pan | | | | | | 2191: | | | | | | Pinez-----------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: | cutbanks cave | shrink-swell | cemented pan, | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | small stones, | | | shrink-swell | | | droughty | | | | | | Lealandic-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: | cemented pan | shrink-swell | cemented pan, | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | small stones | | | shrink-swell | | | | | | | | | Arizo-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: | cutbanks cave | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding, | small stones, | | | | | large stones | droughty | | | | | | 2212: | | | | | | Yermo-----------|Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Severe: | | | | | | small stones | | | | | | Bullfor---------|Severe: |Slight |Moderate: |Slight |Slight |Moderate: | cutbanks cave | | cemented pan | | | small stones, | | | | | | droughty, | | | | | | cemented pan | | | | | | 2230: | | | | | | Skelon----------|Severe: |Moderate |Severe: |Moderate |Moderate |Moderate | cemented pan | cemented pan | cemented pan | cemented pan | cemented pan | small stones, | | | | | | droughty | | | | | | 2269: | | | | | | Greyeagle-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: | cemented pan, | cemented pan | cemented pan | cemented pan | cemented pan | small stones, | cutbanks cave | | | | | droughty, | | | | | | cemented pan | | | | | | Yermo-----------|Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Severe: | | | | | | small stones | | | | | | Strozi----------|Moderate: |Slight |Moderate: |Slight |Slight |Moderate: | cemented pan | | cemented pan | | | excess salt, | | | | | | small stones, | | | | | | droughty | | | | | | 2280: | | | | | | Shorim----------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: | depth to rock | slope, | depth to rock | slope | depth to rock,| small stones, | | depth to rock | | | slope | droughty | | | | | | U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICEBUILDING SITE DEVELOPMENT--Continued
General Use
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping | | basements | basements | buildings | | _________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________ | | | | | | 2280 (con.): | | | | | | Zalda-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: | depth to rock,| slope, | depth to rock,| slope, | depth to rock,| slope, | cemented pan, | depth to rock | cemented pan, | depth to rock | slope | depth to rock | slope | | slope | | | | | | | | |
BUILDING SITE DEVELOPMENT
Endnote -- BUILDING SITE DEVELOPMENT This report shows the degree and kind of soil limitations that affect shallow excavations, dwellings with and without basements, small commercial buildings, local roads and streets, and lawns and landscaping. The limitations are "Slight", "Moderate", or "Severe". The limitations are considered "Slight" if soil properties and site features are generally favorable for the indicated use and limitations are minor and easily overcome; "Moderate" if soil properties or site features are not favorable for the indicated use and special planning, design, or maintenance is needed to overcome or minimize the limitations; and "Severe" if soil properties or site features are so unfavorable or so difficult to overcome that special design, significant increases in construction costs, and possibly increased maintenance are required. Special feasibility studies may be required where the soil limitations are severe. SHALLOW EXCAVATIONS are trenches or holes dug to a maximum depth of 5 or 6 feet for basements, graves, utility lines, open ditches, and other purposes. The ratings are based on soil properties, site features, and observed performance of the soils. The ease of digging, filling, and compacting is affected by the depth to bedrock, a cemented pan, or a very firm dense layer; stone content; soil texture; and slope. The time of the year that excavations can be made is affected by the depth to a seasonal high water table and the susceptibility of the soil to flooding. The resistance of the excavation walls or bands to sloughing or caving is affected by soil texture and the depth to the water table. DWELLINGS AND SMALL COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS are structures built on shallow foundations on undisturbed soil. The load limit is the same as that for single-family dwellings no higher than three stories. Ratings are made for small commercial buildings without basements, for dwellings with basements, and for dwellings without basements. The ratings are based on soil properties, site features, and observed performance of the soils. A high water table, depth to bedrock or to a cemented pan, large stones, slope, and flooding affect the ease of excavation and construction. Landscaping and grading that require cuts and fills of more than 5 or 6 feet are not considered. LOCAL ROADS AND STREETS have an all-weather surface and carry automobile and light truck traffic all year. They have a subgrade of cut or fill soil material, a base of gravel, crushed rock, or stabilized soil material, and a flexible or rigid surface. Cuts and fills are generally properties, site features, and observed performance of the soils. Depth to bedrock or to a cemented pan, a high water table, flooding, large stones, and slope affect the ease of excavating and grading. Soil strength (as inferred from the engineering classification of the soil), shrink-swell potential, frost action potential, and depth to a high water table affect the traffic-supporting capacity. LAWNS AND LANDSCAPING require soils on which turf and ornamental trees and shrubs can be established and maintained. The ratings are based on soil properties, site features, and observed performance of the soils. Soil reaction, a high water table, depth to bedrock or to a cemented pan, the available water capacity in the upper 40 inches, and the content of salts, sodium, and sulfidic materials affect plant growth. Flooding, wetness, slope, stoniness, and the amount of sand, clay, or organic matter in the surface layer affect trafficability after vegetation is established. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICECONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
General Use
(The information in this report indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need for onsite investigation) _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil and soil name | | | | _________________|_______________________|_______________________|_______________________|_______________________ | | | | 2010: | | | | Longjim---------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor: | cemented pan | excess fines | excess fines | cemented pan, | | | | small stones | | | | 2140: | | | | Jonnic----------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor: | cemented pan | small stones | thin layer | too clayey, | | | | small stones | | | | 2191: | | | | Pinez-----------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor: | cemented pan, | excess fines | excess fines | small stones, | shrink-swell, | | | area reclaim | thin layer | | | | | | | Lealandic-------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor: | cemented pan, | thin layer | thin layer | too clayey, | shrink-swell | | | small stones | | | | Arizo-----------|Fair: |Probable |Probable |Poor: | large stones | | | too sandy, | | | | small stones, | | | | area reclaim | | | | 2212: | | | | Yermo-----------|Good |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor: | | excess fines | excess fines | small stones, | | | | area reclaim | | | | Bullfor---------|Good |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor: | | excess fines | excess fines | too sandy, | | | | small stones, | | | | area reclaim | | | | 2230: | | | | Skelon-----------|Poor |Probable |Probable |Poor | cemented pan | | | small stones, | | | | area reclaim | | | | 2269: | | | | Greyeagle-------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor: | cemented pan | large stones | large stones | cemented pan, | | | | small stones, | | | | area reclaim | | | | Yermo-----------|Good |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor: | | excess fines | excess fines | small stones, | | | | area reclaim | | | | Strozi----------|Good |Probable |Probable |Poor: | | | | small stones, | | | | area reclaim U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICECONSTRUCTION MATERIALS--Continued
General Use
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil and soil name | | | | _________________|_______________________|_______________________|_______________________|_______________________ 2280: | | | | Shorim----------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor: | depth to rock | thin layer | thin layer | small stones | | | | Zalda-----------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor: | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | depth to rock, | | | | cemented pan, | | | | small stones | | | | Upspring--------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor: | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | depth to rock, | | | | small stones, | | | | slope | | | | 2432: | | | | Zibate----------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor: | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | depth to rock, | | | | small stones | | | | 2495: | | | | Downeyville-----|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor: | depth to rock, | excess fines | excess fines | depth to rock, | slope | | | small stones, | | | | slope | | | | Gabbvally-------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor: | depth to rock, | excess fines | excess fines | depth to rock, | slope | | | small stones, | | | | slope _________________|_______________________|_______________________|_______________________|_______________________ U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICECONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
Endnote -- CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS This report gives information about the soils as a source of roadfill, sand, gravel, and topsoil. The soils are rated "Good", "Fair", or "Poor" as a source of roadfill and topsoil. They are rated as a "Probable" or "Improbable" source of sand and gravel. The ratings are based on soil properties and site features that affect the removal of the soil and its use as construction material. Normal compaction, minor processing, and other standard construction practices are assumed. Each soil is evaluated to a depth of 5 or 6 feet. Roadfill is soil material that is excavated in one place and used in road embankments in another place. In this report, the soils are rated as a source of roadfill for low embankments, generally less than 6 feet high and less exacting in design than higher embankments. The ratings are for the soil material below the surface layer to a depth of 5 or 6 feet. It is assumed that soil layers will be mixed during excavating and spreading. Many soils have layers of contrasting suitability within their profile. The report entitled Engineering Index Properties is also available and it provides detailed information about each soil layer. This information can help determine the suitability of each layer for use as roadfill. The performance of soil after it is stabilized with lime or cement is not considered in the ratings. The ratings are based on soil properties, site features, and observed performance of the soils. The thickness of suitable material is a major consideration. The ease of excavation is affected by large stones, a high water table, and slope. How well the soil performs in place after it has been compacted and drained is determined by its strength (as inferred from the engineering classification of the soil) and shrink-swell potential. Soils rated "Good" contain significant amounts of sand or gravel or both. They have at least 5 feet of suitable material, a low shrink-swell potential, few cobbles and stones, and slopes of 15 percent or less. Depth to the water table is more than 3 feet Soils rated "Fair" have more than 35 percent silt- and clay-sized particles and have a plasticity of less than 10. They have a moderate shrink-swell potential, slopes of 15 to 25 percent, or many stones. Depth to the water table is 1 to 3 feet. Soils rated "Poor" have a plasticity index of more than 10, a high shrink-swell potential, many stones, or slopes of more than 25 percent. They are wet, and the depth to the water table is less than 1 foot. These soils may have layers of suitable material, but the material is less than 3 feet thick. Sand and gravel are natural aggregates suitable for commercial use with a minimum of processing. Sand and gravel are used in many kinds of construction. Specifications for each use vary widely. In this report only the probability of finding material in suitable quantity is evaluated. The suitability of the material for specific purposes is not evaluated, nor are factors that affect excavation of the material. The properties used to evaluate the soil as a source of sand or gravel are gradation of grain sizes (as indicated by the engineering classification of the soil), the thickness of suitable material, and the content of rock fragments. Kinds of rock, acidity, and stratification are given in the soil series descriptions. Gradation of grain sizes is given in the Engineering Index Properties report. A soil rated as a "Probable" source has a layer of clean sand and gravel or a layer of sand or gravel that contains up to 12 percent silty fines. This material must be at least 3 feet thick and less than 50 percent, by weight, large stones. All other soils are rated as an "Improbable" source. Coarse fragments of soft bedrock, such as shale and siltstone, are not considered to be sand and gravel. Topsoil is used to cover an area so that vegetation can be established and maintained. The upper 40 inches of a soil is evaluated for use as topsoil. Also evaluated is the reclamation potential of the borrow area. Plant growth is affected by toxic material and by such properties as soil reaction, available water capacity, and fertility. The ease of excavating, loading, and spreading is affected by rock fragments, slope, a water table, soil texture, and thickness of suitable material. Reclamation of the borrow area is affected by slope, a water table, rock fragments, bedrock, and toxic material. Soils rate "Good" have friable loamy material to a depth of at least 40 inches. They are free of stones and cobbles, have little or no gravel, and have slopes of less than 8 percent. They are low in content of soluble salts, are naturally fertile or respond well to fertilizer, and are not so wet that excavation is difficult. Soils rated "Fair" are sandy soils, loamy soils that have a relatively high content of clay, soils that have only 20 to 40 inches of suitable material, soils that have an appreciable amount of gravel, stones, or soluble salts, or soils that have slopes of 8 to 15 percent. The soils are not so wet that excavation is difficult. Soils rate "Poor" are very sandy or clayey, have less than 20 inches of suitable material, have a large amount of gravel, stones, or soluble salts, have slopes of more than 15 percent, or have a seasonal water table at or near the surface. The surface layer of most soils is generally preferred for topsoil because of it organic matter content. Organic matter greatly increases the absorption and retention of moisture and nutrients for plant growth. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICEENGINEERING INDEX PROPERTIES
General Use
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing | | Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number-- |Liquid| Plas- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________________| limit|ticity | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | |index _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|______|______|______ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | | | Pct | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2010: | | | | | | | | | | | | Longjim---------| 0-3 |Gravelly fine |SC-SM, GM-GC,|A-4, A-2 | 0 | 0-5 |55-80 |50-75 |40-60 |25-40 | 15-25| NP-10 | | sandy loam | GM, SM | | | | | | | | | | 3-8 |Gravelly loam |SC-SM, GM-GC,|A-4 | 0 | 0 |55-80 |50-75 |45-65 |35-50 | 15-25| NP-10 | | | GM, SM | | | | | | | | | | 8-16 |Very gravelly |GM |A-1 | 0 | 0 |30-55 |25-50 |15-35 |10-20 | 0-14| NP | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | | | | | | very gravelly | | | | | | | | | | | | fine sandy | | | | | | | | | | | | loam, very | | | | | | | | | | | | gravelly | | | | | | | | | | | | coarse sandy | | | | | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | | | 16-20 |Indurated | | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | --- | NP | 20-45 |Cemented | | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | --- | NP | | | | | | | | | | | | 2140: | | | | | | | | | | | | Jonnic----------| 0-2 |Gravelly loam |GM-GC, SC-SM,|A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0-5 |60-80 |50-75 |30-60 |25-45 | 25-35| 5-10 | | | GM, SM | | | | | | | | | | 2-21 |Very gravelly |GC |A-2, A-7 | 0 | 5-15 |45-60 |35-50 |25-45 |25-40 | 40-60| 15-30 | | clay loam, | | | | | | | | | | | | very gravelly | | | | | | | | | | | | clay | | | | | | | | | | | 21-38 |Extremely |GP-GC, GC, |A-2 | 0-5 |40-55 |30-45 |20-40 |10-25 | 5-20 | 35-40| 10-15 | | cobbly sandy | GM, GP-GM | | | | | | | | | | | clay loam | | | | | | | | | | | 38-42 |Indurated | | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | --- | NP | | | | | | | | | | | | 2191: | | | | | | | | | | | | Pinez-----------| 0-4 |Very gravelly |GP-GM, GM |A-1 | 0 | 0 |45-60 |35-50 |20-30 |10-20 | 0-14| NP | | loamy sand | | | | | | | | | | | 4-10 |Very gravelly |GM |A-1 | 0 | 0 |40-50 |30-40 |20-30 |10-15 | 20-25| NP-5 | | sandy loam | | | | | | | | | | | 10-29 |Very gravelly |GM |A-2 | 0 | 0 |40-50 |25-50 |20-30 |10-25 | 30-40| 5-15 | | sandy clay | | | | | | | | | | | | loam, very | | | | | | | | | | | | gravelly clay | | | | | | | | | | | | loam, very | | | | | | | | | | | | gravelly sandy| | | | | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | | | 29-41 |Extremely |GP |A-1 | 0 | 0 |20-30 |10-20 | 5-10 | 0-5 | 0-14| NP | | gravelly loamy| | | | | | | | | | | | sand | | | | | | | | | | | 41-51 |Indurated | | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | --- | NP | | | | | | | | | | | | U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICEENGINEERING INDEX PROPERTIES--Continued
General Use
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing | | Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number-- |Liquid| Plas- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________________| limit|ticity | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | |index _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|______|______|______ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | | | Pct | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2191 (con.): | | | | | | | | | | | | Lealandic-------| 0-5 |Very gravelly |GM-GC, GM |A-1, A-2 | 0 | 0-10 |35-55 |25-50 |20-35 |10-20 | 15-25| NP-10 | | sandy loam | | | | | | | | | | | 5-12 |Gravelly sandy |GC, SC, GM, |A-7 | 0 | 0-10 |60-70 |50-60 |35-45 |35-40 | 40-55| 15-25 | | clay, gravelly| SM | | | | | | | | | | | clay, gravelly| | | | | | | | | | | | clay loam | | | | | | | | | | | 12-23 |Very gravelly |GC, GP-GC, |A-2 | 0 | 0-10 |35-50 |15-45 |10-35 | 5-30 | 40-55| 15-25 | | sandy clay, | GM, GP-GM | | | | | | | | | | | very gravelly | | | | | | | | | | | | clay, | | | | | | | | | | | | extremely | | | | | | | | | | | | gravelly clay | | | | | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | | | 23-40 |Indurated | | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | --- | NP | | | | | | | | | | | | Arizo-----------| 0-8 |Very gravelly |GM |A-1 | 0 | 0-5 |30-55 |25-50 |20-40 |10-20 | 15-20| NP-5 | | sandy loam | | | | | | | | | | | 8-60 |Stratified |GP-GM, GP |A-1 | 0 |10-35 |35-55 |20-50 |10-30 | 0-10 | --- | NP | | cobbly coarse | | | | | | | | | | | | sand to | | | | | | | | | | | | extremely | | | | | | | | | | | | gravelly sand | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2212: | | | | | | | | | | | | Yermo-----------| 0-6 |Very gravelly |GM, GM-GC |A-1, A-2 | 0 | 5-20 |35-55 |30-50 |15-45 |10-30 | 15-25| NP-10 | | sandy loam | | | | | | | | | | | 6-60 |Stratified |GM, GM-GC |A-1, A-2 | 0 |10-25 |35-55 |30-55 |15-50 |10-35 | 15-25| NP-10 | | gravelly loam | | | | | | | | | | | | to extremely | | | | | | | | | | | | gravelly sandy| | | | | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Bullfor---------| 0-1 |Gravelly loamy |SM |A-1, A-2 | 0 | 0 |70-85 |60-75 |40-55 |20-30 | --- | NP | | sand | | | | | | | | | | | 1-24 |Loamy sand, |SM |A-2 | 0 | 0 |90-100|85-100|55-80 |20-30 | --- | NP | | fine sand | | | | | | | | | | | 24-25 |Indurated | | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | --- | NP | 25-60 |Very gravelly |GM |A-1 | 0 | 0 |35-45 |25-35 |20-30 |10-15 | --- | NP | | sandy loam | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2230: | | | | | | | | | | | | Skelon----------| 0-4 |Gravelly sandy |SM |A-1, A-2 | 0 | 0-5 |60-80 |50-75 |40-60 |15-35 | 0-14 | NP | | loam | | | | | | | | | | | 4-28 |Stratified |GM, GP-GM |A-1 | 0-5 | 0-10 |35-55 |30-50 |15-35 |10-20 | 0-14 | NP | | gravelly fine | | | | | | | | | | | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | | | | | | Gravelly | | | | | | | | | | | | coarse sandy | | | | | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | | | 28-44 |Indurated | | | | | | | | | --- | NP | 44-52 |Gravelly sandy |GM |A-1 | 0-5 | 0-10 |35-55 |30-50 |15-40 |10-25 | 0-14 | NP | | loam | | | | | | | | | | | 52-60 |Extremely |GP |A-1 | 0-5 |10-25 |20-35 |15-30 |5-15 |0-5 | 0-14 | NP | |gravelly coarse| | | | | | | | | | | |sand | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICEENGINEERING INDEX PROPERTIES--Continued
General Use
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing | | Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number-- |Liquid| Plas- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________________| limit|ticity | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | |index _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|______|______|______ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | | | Pct | 2269: | | | | | | | | | | | | Greyeagle-------| 0-3 |Very gravelly |GP-GM, GM |A-1 | 0 | 0-10 |30-55 |25-50 |15-30 | 5-20 | 20-25| NP-5 | | sandy loam | | | | | | | | | | | 3-6 |Gravelly sandy |SM |A-1, A-2 | 0 | 0 |60-75 |50-65 |30-45 |15-30 | 20-25| NP-5 | | loam | | | | | | | | | | | 6-8 |Very gravelly |GP-GM, GM |A-1 | 0 | 0 |30-55 |25-50 |15-35 | 5-20 | 20-25| NP-5 | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | | | | | | very gravelly | | | | | | | | | | | | loamy sand | | | | | | | | | | | 8-24 |Indurated | | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | --- | NP | 24-60 |Stratified |GP-GM, GM, |A-1 | 0 |25-65 |30-65 |25-60 |15-30 | 5-15 | 0-14| NP | | extremely | SP-SM, SM | | | | | | | | | | | cobbly loamy | | | | | | | | | | | | sand to very | | | | | | | | | | | | gravelly loamy| | | | | | | | | | | | sand | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Yermo-----------| 0-6 |Very gravelly |GM, GM-GC |A-1, A-2 | 0 | 5-20 |35-55 |30-50 |15-45 |10-30 | 15-25| NP-10 | | sandy loam | | | | | | | | | | | 6-60 |Stratified |GM, GM-GC |A-1, A-2 | 0 |10-25 |35-55 |30-55 |15-50 |10-35 | 15-25| NP-10 | | gravelly loam | | | | | | | | | | | | to extremely | | | | | | | | | | | | gravelly sandy| | | | | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Strozi----------| 0-5 |Gravelly fine |SM, GM |A-2, A-1 | 0 | 0 |60-85 |50-75 |40-65 |20-35 | 15-25| NP-5 | | sandy loam | | | | | | | | | | | 5-13 |Clay loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 |85-100|75-95 |65-75 |50-60 | 35-40| 15-20 | 13-32 |Very gravelly |GM, GP-GM |A-1 | 0 | 0 |35-60 |25-50 |15-35 | 5-20 | 0-14| NP | | sandy loam | | | | | | | | | | | 32-33 |Cemented | | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | --- | NP | 33-60 |Very gravelly |GM, GP-GM |A-1 | 0 | 0 |35-55 |25-50 |15-35 | 5-20 | 0-14| NP | | sandy loam | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2280: | | | | | | | | | | | | Shorim----------| 0-3 |Very gravelly |GM |A-2, A-1 | 0 | 0-10 |35-60 |25-55 |20-45 |10-30 | 15-25| NP-5 | | sandy loam | | | | | | | | | | | 3-10 |Gravelly sandy |SM |A-1 | 0 | 0-5 |65-75 |55-65 |35-45 |20-25 | 15-25| NP-5 | | loam | | | | | | | | | | | 10-35 |Very gravelly |GM, GP-GM, |A-1 | 0 | 0-10 |30-65 |25-55 |15-40 | 5-20 | 15-25| NP-5 | | fine sandy | SM, SP-SM | | | | | | | | | | | loam, very | | | | | | | | | | | | gravelly sandy| | | | | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | | | 35-40 |Indurated | | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | --- | NP | 40-50 |Unweathered | | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | --- | NP | | bedrock | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Zalda-----------| 0-3 |Gravelly sandy |SM, GM |A-1, A-2 | 0 | 0-10 |60-80 |50-75 |40-55 |15-30 | 15-25| NP-5 | | loam | | | | | | | | | | | 3-7 |Sandy loam, |SM |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0-10 |75-95 |70-90 |55-70 |25-50 | 15-25| NP-5 | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | | | | | | sandy loam | | | | | | | | | | | 7-8 |Indurated | | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | --- | NP | 8-18 |Unweathered | | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | --- | NP | | bedrock | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Upspring--------| 0-2 |Very gravelly |GM |A-1 | 0 | 0-10 |35-50 |25-40 |15-30 |10-20 | 15-25| NP-5 | | sandy loam | | | | | | | | | | | 2-12 |Very gravelly |GM |A-1 | 0 | 0-25 |40-55 |35-50 |25-40 |10-20 | 15-25| NP-5 | | fine sandy | | | | | | | | | | | | loam, very | | | | | | | | | | | | gravelly sandy| | | | | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | | | 12-22 |Unweathered | | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | --- | NP | | bedrock | | | | | | | | | | U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICEENGINEERING INDEX PROPERTIES--Continued
General Use
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing | | Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number-- |Liquid| Plas- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________________| limit|ticity | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | |index _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|______|______|______ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | | | Pct | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2432: | | | | | | | | | | | | Zibate----------| 0-6 |Very gravelly |GM |A-1 | 0 | 0-15 |35-55 |30-50 |20-35 |10-20 | 20-25| NP-5 | | sandy loam | | | | | | | | | | | 6-19 |Extremely |GP-GC, GM-GC,|A-2 | 0-5 | 0-25 |15-30 |10-25 | 5-20 | 5-20 | 25-35| 5-15 | | gravelly loam,| GC | | | | | | | | | | | extremely | | | | | | | | | | | | gravelly clay | | | | | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | | | 19-23 |Unweathered | | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | --- | NP | | bedrock | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2495: | | | | | | | | | | | | Downeyville-----| 0-4 |Very gravelly |SC-SM, SM |A-1, A-2 | 0 | 5-20 |60-70 |30-55 |25-45 |15-30 | 15-25| NP-10 | | fine sandy | | | | | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | | | 4-9 |Very gravelly |GC |A-2, A-6 | 0-5 |10-25 |40-60 |30-50 |25-50 |20-40 | 25-35| 10-15 | | loam, very | | | | | | | | | | | | gravelly fine | | | | | | | | | | | | sandy loam | | | | | | | | | | | 9-13 |Unweathered | | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | --- | NP | | bedrock | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Gabbvally-------| 0-2 |Very gravelly |GM |A-1 | 0 | 0-10 |50-60 |35-45 |25-40 |15-25 | 20-25| NP-5 | | sandy loam | | | | | | | | | | | 2-8 |Very gravelly |GC, GM-GC |A-2 | 0-5 | 0-15 |50-60 |35-50 |25-35 |15-25 | 25-35| 5-15 | | sandy clay | | | | | | | | | | | | loam, very | | | | | | | | | | | | gravelly sandy| | | | | | | | | | | | loam, very | | | | | | | | | | | | gravelly loam | | | | | | | | | | | 8-12 |Unweathered | | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | --- | NP | | bedrock | | | | | | | | | | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|______|______|______ U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICEENGINEERING INDEX PROPERTIES
Endnote -- ENGINEERING INDEX PROPERTIES This report gives estimates of the engineering classification and of the range of index properties for the major layers of each soil in the survey area. Most soils have layers of contrasting properties within the upper 5 or 6 feet. DEPTH to the upper and lower boundaries of each layer is indicated. The range in depth and information on other properties of each layer are given in the published Soil Survey for each soil series under "Soil Series and Their Morphology." TEXTURE is given in the standard terms used by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. These terms are defined according to percentages of sand, silt, and clay in the fraction of the soil that is less than 2 millimeters in diameter. "Loam," for example, is soil that is 7 to 27 percent clay, 28 to 50 percent silt, and less than 52 percent sand. If the content of particles coarser than sand is as much as about 15 percent, an appropriate modifier is added, for example, "gravelly." Textural terms are defined in the Soil Survey Glossary. Classification of the soils is determined according to the Unified soil classification system and the system adopted by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. The UNIFIED system classifies soils according to properties that affect their use as construction material. Soils are classified according to grain-size distribution of the fraction less than 3 inches in diameter and according to plasticity index, liquid limit, and organic matter content. Sandy and gravelly soils are identified as GW, GP, GM, GC, SW, SP, SM, and SC; silty and clayey soils as ML, CL, OL, MH, CH, and OH; and highly organic soils as PT. Soils exhibiting engineering properties of two groups can have a dual classification, for example, CL-ML. The AASHTO system classifies soils according to those properties that affect roadway construction and maintenance. In this system, the fraction of a mineral soil that is less than 3 inches in diameter is classified in one of seven groups from A-1 through A-7 on the basis of grain-size distribution, liquid limit, and plasticity index. Soils in group A-1 are coarse grained and low in content of fines (silt and clay). At the other extreme, soils in group A-7 are fine grained. Highly organic soils are classified in group A-8 on the basis of visual inspection. If laboratory data are available, the A-1, A-2, and A-7 groups are further classified as A-1-a, A-1-b, A-2-4, A-2-5, A-2-6, A-2-7, A-7- 5, or A-7-6. As an additional refinement, the suitability of a soil as subgrade material can be indicated by a group index number. Group index numbers range from 0 for the best subgrade material to 20 or higher for the poorest. Rock FRAGMENTS larger than 3 inches in diameter are indicated as a percentage of the total soil on a dry-weight basis. The percentages are estimates determined mainly by converting volume percentage in the field to weight percentage. Percentage of soil particles passing designated sieves (PERCENTAGE PASSING SIEVE NUMBER--)is the percentage of the soil fraction less than 3 inches in diameter based on an ovendry weight. The sieves, numbers 4, 10, 40, and 200 (USA Standard Series), have openings of 4.76, 2.00, 0.420, and 0.074 millimeters, respectively. Estimates are based on laboratory tests of soils sampled in the survey area and in nearby areas and on estimates made in the field. LIQUID LIMIT and PLASTICITY INDEX (Atterberg limits) indicate the plasticity characteristics of a soil. The estimates are based on test data from the survey area or from nearby areas and on field examination. The estimates of grain-size distribution, liquid limit, and plasticity index are generally rounded to the nearest 5 percent. Thus, if the ranges of gradation and Atterberg limits extend a marginal amount (1 or 2 percentage points) across classification boundaries, the classification in the marginal zone is omitted in this report. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICEPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS
General Use
(Entries under "Erosion factors--T" apply to the entire profile. Entries under "Wind erodibility group" and "Wind erodability index" apply only to the surface layer) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | |Erosion factors|Wind |Wind Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Shrink- |Organic|_______________|erodi-|erodi- and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water | swell | matter| | | |bility|bility | | | density | |capacity |potential| | K | Kf | T |group |index _________________|_______|______|_________|___________|_________|_________|_______|_____|_____|___|______|______ | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | | Pct | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2010: | | | | | | | | | | | | Longjim---------| 0-3 | 10-20|1.35-1.50| 2.00-6.00 |0.11-0.13|Low |0.0-0.5| 0.17| 0.32| 1 | 4 | 86 | 3-8 | 10-20|1.35-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.13-0.14|Low |0.0-0.5| 0.28| 0.49| | | | 8-16 | 5-10|1.40-1.60| 2.00-6.00 |0.04-0.05|Low |0.0-0.5| 0.15| 0.32| | | | 16-20 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.01 | --- | | --- | --- | --- | | | | 20-45 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.01 | --- | | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2140: | | | | | | | | | | | | Jonnic----------| 0-2 | 20-25|1.30-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.06-0.07|Low |1.0-2.0| 0.05| 0.43| 2 | 5 | 56 | 2-21 | 35-55|1.25-1.40| 0.06-0.20 |0.10-0.12|Moderate |0.5-2.0| 0.10| 0.32| | | | 21-38 | 25-35|1.30-1.50| 0.20-0.60 |0.04-0.05|Moderate |0.0-0.5| 0.05| 0.49| | | | 38-42 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.01 | --- | | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2191: | | | | | | | | | | | | Pinez-----------| 0-4 | 5-10|1.50-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.03-0.04|Low |0.0-0.5| 0.05| 0.17| 3 | 4 | 86 | 4-10 | 10-15|1.45-1.60| 2.00-6.00 |0.04-0.06|Low |0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.37| | | | 10-29 | 18-35|1.35-1.50| 0.20-0.60 |0.04-0.13|Moderate |0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.32| | | | 29-41 | 3-8 |1.70-1.85| 6.00-20.00|0.01-0.03|Low |0.0-0.5| 0.02| 0.24| | | | 41-51 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.01 | --- | | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Lealandic-------| 0-5 | 8-20|1.40-1.55| 2.00-6.00 |0.04-0.06|Low |0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.37| 2 | 5 | 56 | 5-12 | 35-50|1.25-1.45| 0.06-0.20 |0.10-0.12|High |0.0-0.5| 0.15| 0.32| | | | 12-23 | 35-50|1.25-1.40| 0.06-0.20 |0.07-0.10|High |0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.43| | | | 23-40 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.01 | --- | | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Arizo-----------| 0-8 | 5-12|1.40-1.55| 2.00-6.00 |0.05-0.07|Low |0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.32| 5 | 5 | 56 | 8-60 | 0-5 |1.45-1.65| >20.00 |0.04-0.06|Low |0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.32| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2212: | | | | | | | | | | | | Yermo-----------| 0-6 | 8-18|1.40-1.60| 2.00-6.00 |0.06-0.08|Low |0.0-0.5| 0.05| 0.24| 5 | 5 | 56 | 6-60 | 8-18|1.40-1.60| 2.00-6.00 |0.06-0.08|Low |0.0-0.5| 0.05| 0.24| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Bullfor---------| 0-1 | 2-5 |1.50-1.70| 6.00-20.00|0.05-0.07|Low |0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.17| 2 | 3 | 86 | 1-24 | 2-5 |1.50-1.70| 6.00-20.00|0.06-0.08|Low |0.0-0.5| 0.17| 0.20| | | | 24-25 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.20 | --- | | --- | --- | --- | | | | 25-60 | 5-10|1.55-1.75| 2.00-6.00 |0.04-0.06|Low |0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.43| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2230 | | | | | | | | | | | | Skelon----------| 0-4 | 5-10|1.40-1.55| 2.00-6.00 |0.08-0.10|Low |0.0-0.5| 0.15| 0.28| 2 | 4 | 86 | 4-28 | 3-10|1.45-1.65| 2.00-6.00 |0.05-0.07|Low |0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.32| | | | 28-44 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.01 | --- | | --- | --- | --- | | | | 44-52 | 5-10|1.45-1.65| 2.00-6.00 |0.05-0.07|Low |0.0-0.5| 0.05| 0.32| | | | 52-60 | 0-5 |1.55-1.75|6.00-20.00 |0.03-0.05|Low |0.0-0.5| 0.02| 0.10| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICEPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS -- Continued
General Use
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | |Erosion factors|Wind |Wind Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Shrink- |Organic|_______________|erodi-|erodi- and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water | swell | matter| | | |bility|bility | | | density | |capacity |potential| | K | Kf | T |group |index _________________|_______|______|_________|___________|_________|_________|_______|_____|_____|___|______|______ | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | | Pct | | | | | 2269: | | | | | | | | | | | | Greyeagle-------| 0-3 | 10-18|1.45-1.65| 2.00-6.00 |0.04-0.07|Low |0.0-0.5| 0.15| 0.24| 1 | 5 | 56 | 3-6 | 10-18|1.50-1.70| 2.00-6.00 |0.07-0.10|Low |0.0-0.5| 0.20| 0.24| | | | 6-8 | 10-18|1.50-1.70| 2.00-6.00 |0.04-0.07|Low |0.0-0.5| 0.15| 0.24| | | | 8-24 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.02 | --- | | --- | --- | --- | | | | 24-60 | 5-10|1.65-1.80| 6.00-20.00|0.03-0.05|Low |0.0-0.5| 0.17| 0.20| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Yermo-----------| 0-6 | 8-18|1.40-1.60| 2.00-6.00 |0.06-0.08|Low |0.0-0.5| 0.05| 0.24| 5 | 5 | 56 | 6-60 | 8-18|1.40-1.60| 2.00-6.00 |0.06-0.08|Low |0.0-0.5| 0.05| 0.24| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Strozi----------| 0-5 | 5-15|1.35-1.55| 2.00-6.00 |0.08-0.10|Low |0.0-0.5| 0.15| 0.28| 3 | 4 | 86 | 5-13 | 27-35|1.35-1.50| 0.20-0.60 |0.17-0.19|Moderate |0.0-0.5| 0.32| 0.37| | | | 13-32 | 5-10|1.55-1.75| 2.00-6.00 |0.06-0.08|Low |0.0-0.5| 0.15| 0.32| | | | 32-33 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.20 | --- | | --- | --- | --- | | | | 33-60 | 5-10|1.55-1.75| 2.00-6.00 |0.07-0.09|Low |0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.37| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2280: | | | | | | | | | | | | Shorim----------| 0-3 | 5-15|1.45-1.60| 2.00-6.00 |0.04-0.07|Low |0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.32| 2 | 5 | 56 | 3-10 | 5-15|1.40-1.60| 2.00-6.00 |0.07-0.08|Low |0.0-0.5| 0.15| 0.32| | | | 10-35 | 5-15|1.35-1.55| 2.00-6.00 |0.03-0.06|Low |0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.32| | | | 35-40 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.01 | --- | | --- | --- | --- | | | | 40-50 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.01 | --- | | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Zalda-----------| 0-3 | 6-18|1.35-1.50| 2.00-6.00 |0.08-0.10|Low |0.0-0.5| 0.15| 0.32| 1 | 4 | 86 | 3-7 | 6-18|1.35-1.55| 2.00-6.00 |0.11-0.13|Low |0.0-0.5| 0.28| 0.43| | | | 7-8 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.01 | --- | | --- | --- | --- | | | | 8-18 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.01 | --- | | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Upspring--------| 0-2 | 10-18|1.25-1.45| 2.00-6.00 |0.03-0.06|Low |0.0-0.5| 0.15| 0.24| 1 | 5 | 56 | 2-12 | 10-18|1.30-1.50| 2.00-6.00 |0.04-0.09|Low |0.0-0.5| 0.17| 0.24| | | | 12-22 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.01 | --- | | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2432: | | | | | | | | | | | | Zibate----------| 0-6 | 10-18|1.40-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.06-0.08|Low |0.0-0.5| 0.05| 0.32| 1 | 5 | 56 | 6-19 | 18-35|1.40-1.60| 0.20-0.60 |0.13-0.17|Moderate |0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.43| | | | 19-23 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.01 | --- | | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2495: | | | | | | | | | | | | Downeyville-----| 0-4 | 8-18|1.35-1.55| 2.00-6.00 |0.06-0.08|Low |0.0-0.5| 0.05| 0.32| 1 | 5 | 56 | 4-9 | 18-27|1.25-1.45| 0.60-2.00 |0.07-0.09|Low |0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.43| | | | 9-13 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.01 | --- | | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Gabbvally-------| 0-2 | 10-18|1.30-1.50| 2.00-6.00 |0.06-0.08|Low |0.8-2.0| 0.10| 0.32| 1 | 5 | 56 | 2-8 | 18-27|1.30-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.11-0.13|Low |0.5-2.0| 0.15| 0.32| | | | 8-12 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.01 | --- | | --- | --- | --- | | | _________________|_______|______|_________|___________|_________|_________|_______|_____|_____|___|______|______ U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICEPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS
Endnote -- PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS This report shows estimates of some characteristics and features that affect soil behavior. These estimates are given for the major layers of each soil in the survey area. The estimates are based on field observations and on test data for these and similar soils. CLAY as a soil separate consists of mineral soil particles that are less than 0.002 millimeter in diameter. In this report, the estimated clay content of each major soil layer is given as a percentage, by weight, of the soil material that is less than 2 millimeters in diameter. The amount and kind of clay greatly affect the fertility and physical condition of the soil. They determine the ability of the soil to adsorb cations and to retain moisture. They influence shrink-swell potential, permeability, plasticity, the ease of soil dispersion, and other soil properties. The amount and kind of clay in a soil also affect tillage and earthmoving operations. MOIST BULK DENSITY is the weight of soil (ovendry) per unit volume. Volume is measured when the soil is at field moisture capacity, the moisture content at 1/3 bar moisture tension. Weight is determined after drying the soil at 105 degrees C. In this report, the estimated moist bulk density of each major soil horizon is expressed in grams per cubic centimeter of soil material that is less than 2 millimeters in diameter. Bulk density data are used to compute shrink-swell potential, available water capacity, total pore space, and other soil properties. The moist bulk density of a soil indicates the pore space available for water and roots. A bulk density of more than 1.6 can restrict water storage and root penetration. Moist bulk density is influenced by texture, kind of clay, content of organic matter, and soil structure. PERMEABILITY refers to the ability of a soil to transmit water or air. The estimates indicate the rate of downward movement of water when the soil is saturated. They are based on soil characteristics observed in the field, particularly structure, porosity, and texture. Permeability is considered in the design of soil drainage systems, septic tank absorption fields, and construction where the rate of water movement under saturated conditions affects behavior. AVAILABLE WATER CAPACITY refers to the quantity of water that the soil is capable of storing for use by plants. The capacity for water storage is given in inches of water per inch of soil for each major soil layer. The capacity varies, depending on soil properties that affect the retention of water and the depth of the root zone. The most important properties are the content of organic matter, soil texture, bulk density, and soil structure. Available water capacity is an important factor in the choice of plants or crops to be grown and in the design and management of irrigation systems. Available water capacity is not an estimate of the quantity of water actually available to plants at any given time. SHRINK-SWELL POTENTIAL is the potential for volume change in a soil with a loss or gain of moisture. Volume change occurs mainly because of the interaction of clay minerals with water and varies with the amount and type of clay minerals in the soil. The size of the load on the soil and the magnitude of the change in soil moisture content influence the amount of swelling of soils in place. Laboratory measurements of swelling of undisturbed clods were made for many soils. For others, swelling was estimated on the basis of the kind and amount of clay minerals in the soil and on measurements of similar soils. If the shrink-swell potential is rated moderate to very high, shrinking and swelling can cause damage to buildings, roads, and other structures. Special design is often needed. Shrink-swell potential classes are based on the change in length of an unconfined clod as moisture content is increased from air-dry to field capacity. The change is based on the soil fraction less than 2 millimeters in diameter. The classes are "Low," a change of less than 3 percent; "Moderate," 3 to 6 percent; and "High," more than 6 percent. "Very high," greater than 9 percent, is sometimes used. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICEPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS
Endnote -- PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS--Continued ORGANIC MATTER is the plant and animal residue in the soil at various stages of decomposition. In report J, the estimated content of organic matter is expressed as a percentage, by weight, of the soil material that is less than 2 millimeters in diameter. The content of organic matter in a soil can be maintained or increased by returning crop residue to the soil. Organic matter affects the available water capacity, infiltration rate, and tilth. It is a source of nitrogen and other nutrients for crops. EROSION FACTOR K indicates the susceptibility of the whole soil (including rocks and rock fragments) to sheet and rill erosion by water. Factor K is one of six factors used in the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) to predict the average annual rate of soil loss by sheet and rill erosion in tons per acre per year. The estimates are based primarily on percentage of silt, sand, and organic matter (up to 4 percent) and on soil structure and permeability. Values of K range from 0.05 to 0.69. The higher the value, the more susceptible the soil is to sheet and rill erosion by water. EROSION FACTOR Kf is like EROSION FACTOR K but it is for the fine-earth fraction of the soil. Rocks and rock fragments are not considered. EROSION FACTOR T is an estimate of the maximum average annual rate of soil erosion by wind or water that can occur without affecting crop productivity over a sustained period. The rate is in tons per acre per year. WIND ERODIBILITY GROUPS are made up of soils that have similar properties affecting their resistance to wind erosion in cultivated areas. The groups indicate the susceptibility of soil to wind erosion. Soils are grouped according to the following distinctions: 1. Coarse sands, sands, fine sands, and very fine sands. These soils are generally not suitable for crops. They are extremely erodible, and vegetation is difficult to establish. 2. Loamy coarse sands, loamy sands, loamy fine sands, loamy very fine sands, and sapric soil material. These soils are very highly erodible. Crops can be grown if intensive measures to control wind erosion are used. 3. Coarse sandy loams, sandy loams, fine sandy loams, and very fine sandy loams. These soils are highly erodible. Crops can be grown if intensive measures to control wind erosion are used. 4L. Calcareous loams, silt loams, clay loams, and silty clay loams. These soils are erodible. Crops can be grown if intensive measures to control wind erosion are used. 4. Clays, silty clays, noncalcareous clay loams, and silty clay loams that are more than 35 percent clay. These soils are moderately erodible. Crops can be grown if measures to control wind erosion are used. 5. Noncalcareous loams and silt loams that are less than 20 percent clay and sandy clay loams, sandy clays, and hemic soil material. These soils are slightly erodible. Crops can be grown if measures to control wind erosion are used. 6. Noncalcareous loams and silt loams that are more than 20 percent clay and noncalcareous clay loams that are less than 35 percent clay. These soils are very slightly erodible. Crops can be grown if ordinary measures to control wind erosion are used. 7. Silts, noncalcareous silty clay loams that are less than 35 percent clay, and fibric soil material. These soils are very slightly erodible. Crops can be grown if ordinary measures to control wind erosion are used. 8. Soils that are not subject to wind erosion because of coarse fragments on the surface or because of surface wetness. The WIND ERODIBILITY INDEX is used in the wind erosion equation (WEQ). The index number indicates the amount of soil lost in tons per acre per year. The range of wind erodibility index numbers is 0 to 300. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICECHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE SOILS
General Use
____________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Cation- | Soil | Calcium | Gypsum |Salinity| Sodium and soil name | | |exchange |reaction |carbonate| | |adsorption | | |capacity | | | | | ratio _________________|_______|______|_________|_________|_________|________|________|___________ | In | Pct |meq/100g | pH | Pct | Pct |mmhos/cm| | | | | | | | | 2010: | | | | | | | | Longjim---------| 0-3 | 10-20| 7.0-15.0| 7.9-8.4 | 5-15 | --- | 0-2 | 0-5 | 3-8 | 10-20| 7.0-15.0| 8.5-9.0 | 5-15 | --- | 0-2 | 0-5 | 8-16 | 5-10| 1.0-7.0 | 8.5-9.0 | 5-15 | --- | 0-2 | 0-5 | 16-20 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 20-45 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | 2140: | | | | | | | | Jonnic----------| 0-2 | 20-25|12.0-17.0| 7.9-9.0 | 5-10 | --- | 0-4 | 0-2 | 2-21 | 35-55|19.0-32.0| 8.5-9.0 | 5-10 | --- | 0-4 | 0-2 | 21-38 | 25-35|13.0-19.0| 8.5-9.0 | 10-15 | --- | 0-4 | 0-2 | 38-42 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | 2191: | | | | | | | | Pinez-----------| 0-4 | 5-10| 3.0-6.0 | 7.9-9.0 | 1-5 | --- | 0-2 | 0-5 | 4-10 | 10-15| 5.0-9.0 | 7.9-9.0 | 1-10 | --- | 0-2 | 0-5 | 10-29 | 18-35| 9.0-19.0| 7.9-9.0 | 5-10 | --- | 0-2 | 0-5 | 29-41 | 3-8 | 2.0-5.0 | 7.9-9.0 | 5-15 | --- | 0-2 | 0-5 | 41-51 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | Lealandic-------| 0-5 | 8-20| 4.0-11.0| 7.9-9.0 | 1-5 | --- | 0-2 | 0-5 | 5-12 | 35-50|18.0-26.0| 7.9-9.0 | 0-5 | --- | 0-4 | 0-12 | 12-23 | 35-50|18.0-26.0| 7.9-9.0 | 1-10 | --- | 0-4 | 0-12 | 23-40 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | Arizo-----------| 0-8 | 5-12| 2.0-5.0 | 7.4-9.0 | 1-5 | --- | 0-2 | 0-5 | 8-60 | 0-5 | 1.0-5.0 | 7.4-9.0 | 1-5 | --- | 0-2 | 1-12 | | | | | | | | 2212: | | | | | | | | Yermo-----------| 0-6 | 8-18| 5.0-15.0| 7.9-9.0 | 1-10 | --- | 0-4 | 0-2 | 6-60 | 8-18| 5.0-15.0| 7.9-9.0 | 5-15 | --- | 0-4 | 1-12 | | | | | | | | Bullfor---------| 0-1 | 2-5 | 1.0-4.0 | 7.9-8.4 | 0-2 | --- | 0-4 | 0-5 | 1-24 | 2-5 | 1.0-4.0 | 7.9-8.4 | 0-5 | --- | 0-4 | 0-5 | 24-25 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 25-60 | 5-10| 2.0-5.0 | 8.5-9.0 | 1-10 | --- | 0-4 | 0-5 | | | | | | | | 2230: | | | | | | | | Skelon----------| 0-4 | 5-10| 3.0-6.0 | 7.9-9.0 | 5-10 | --- | 0-4 | 0-4 | 4-28 | 3-10| 2.0-6.0 | 7.4-9.0 | 10-25 | --- | 0-4 | 0-4 | 28-44 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 44-52 | 5-10| 3.0-6.0 | 8.5-9.0 | 15-30 | --- | 0-4 | 0-4 | 52-60 | 0-5 | 0.0-4.0 | 8.5-9.0 | 10-20 | --- | 0-4 | 0-4 | | | | | | | | 2269: | | | | | | | | Greyeagle-------| 0-3 | 10-18| 5.0-10.0| 7.9-8.4 | --- | --- | 0-2 | 0-2 | 3-6 | 10-18| 5.0-10.0| 7.9-8.4 | --- | --- | 0-2 | 0-2 | 6-8 | 10-18| 5.0-10.0| 7.9-8.4 | --- | --- | 0-2 | 0-2 | 8-24 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 24-60 | 5-10| 3.0-6.0 | 7.9-8.4 | --- | --- | 0-2 | 0-2 | | | | | | | | Yermo-----------| 0-6 | 8-18| 5.0-15.0| 7.9-9.0 | 1-10 | --- | 0-4 | 0-2 | 6-60 | 8-18| 5.0-15.0| 7.9-9.0 | 5-15 | --- | 0-4 | 1-12 | | | | | | | | Strozi----------| 0-5 | 5-15| 3.0-9.0 | 7.9-8.4 | 0-1 | --- | 4-8 | 5-12 | 5-13 | 27-35|14.0-19.0| 7.9-8.4 | 0-1 | --- | 4-8 | 5-12 | 13-32 | 5-10| 3.0-6.0 | 7.9-9.0 | 5-10 | --- | 4-8 | 5-12 | 32-33 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 33-60 | 5-10| 3.0-6.0 | 7.9-9.0 | 5-15 | --- | 4-8 | 5-12 | | | | | | | | U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICECHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE SOILS--Continued
General Use
____________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Cation- | Soil | Calcium | Gypsum |Salinity| Sodium and soil name | | |exchange |reaction |carbonate| | |adsorption | | |capacity | | | | | ratio _________________|_______|______|_________|_________|_________|________|________|___________ | In | Pct |meq/100g | pH | Pct | Pct |mmhos/cm| | | | | | | | | 2280: | | | | | | | | Shorim----------| 0-3 | 5-15| 3.0-9.0 | 7.9-8.4 | 5-10 | --- | 0-2 | 0-2 | 3-10 | 5-15| 3.0-9.0 | 7.9-8.4 | 5-10 | --- | 0-2 | 0-2 | 10-35 | 5-15| 3.0-9.0 | 8.5-9.0 | 10-20 | --- | 0-2 | 0-2 | 35-40 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 40-50 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | Zalda-----------| 0-3 | 6-18| 3.0-10.0| 7.9-8.4 | 0-5 | --- | 0-4 | 0-5 | 3-7 | 6-18| 3.0-10.0| 8.5-9.0 | 1-5 | --- | 0-4 | 0-5 | 7-8 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 8-18 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | Upspring--------| 0-2 | 10-18| 5.0-10.0| 7.9-8.4 | --- | --- | 0-2 | --- | 2-12 | 10-18| 4.0-10.0| 7.9-8.4 | --- | --- | 0-2 | --- | 12-22 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | 2432: | | | | | | | | Zibate----------| 0-6 | 10-18| 6.0-12.0| 7.4-9.0 | 0-5 | --- | 0-2 | 0-5 | 6-19 | 18-35|11.0-22.0| 7.4-8.4 | 0-5 | --- | 0-2 | 0-5 | 19-23 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | 2495: | | | | | | | | Downeyville-----| 0-4 | 8-18| 5.0-15.0| 7.9-8.4 | 0-5 | --- | 0-2 | 0-5 | 4-9 | 18-27|10.0-25.0| 7.9-9.0 | 0-10 | --- | 0-2 | 0-5 | 9-13 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | Gabbvally-------| 0-2 | 10-18| 5.0-20.0| 6.6-7.8 | --- | --- | 0-2 | 0-5 | 2-8 | 18-27|10.0-20.0| 6.6-7.8 | --- | --- | 0-2 | 0-5 | 8-12 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- _________________|_______|______|_________|_________|_________|________|________|___________ U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICECHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE SOILS
Endnote -- CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE SOILS This report shows estimates of some characteristics and features that affect soil behavior. These estimates are given for the major layers of each soil in the survey area. The estimates are based on field observations and on test data for these and similar soils. CLAY as a soil separate consists of mineral soil particles that are less than 0.002 millimeter in diameter. In this report, the estimated clay content of each major soil layer is given as a percentage, by weight, of the soil material that is less than 2 millimeters in diameter. The amount and kind of clay greatly affect the fertility and physical condition of the soil. They determine the ability of the soil to adsorb cations and to retain moisture. They influence shrink-swell potential, permeability, and plasticity, the ease of soil dispersion, and other soil properties. The amount and kind of clay in a soil also affect tillage and earthmoving operations. CATION EXCHANGE CAPACITY (CEC) is the total amount of cations held in a soil in such a way that they can be removed only by exchanging with another cation in the natural soil solution. CEC is a measure of the ability of a soil to retain cations, some of which are plant nutrients. Soils with low CEC hold few cations and may require more frequent applications of fertilizers than soils with high CEC. Soils with high CEC have the potential to retain cations, thus reducing the possibility of pollution of ground water. SOIL REACTION is a measure of acidity or alkalinity and is expressed as a range in pH values. The range in pH of each major horizon is based on many field tests. For many soils, values have been verified by laboratory analyses. Soil reaction is important in selecting crops and other plants, in evaluating soil amendments for fertility and stabilization, and in determining the risk of corrosion. CALCIUM CARBONATE is the percentage by weight of calcium carbonate in the fine-earth material, less than 2 millimeters in size. GYPSUM is the percentage by weight of hydrated calcium sulfates 20 millimeters or smaller in size, in the soil. SALINITY is a measure of soluble salts in the soil at saturation. It is expressed as the electrical conductivity of the saturation extract, in millimhos per centimeter at 25 degrees C. Estimates are based on field and laboratory measurements at representative sites of nonirrigated soils. The salinity of irrigated soils is affected by the quality of the irrigation water and by the frequency of water application. Hence, the salinity of soils in individual fields can differ greatly from the value given in the report. Salinity affects the suitability of a soil for crop production, the stability of soil if used as construction material, and the potential of the soil to corrode metal and concrete. SODIUM ADSORPTION RATIO (SAR) expresses the relative activity of sodium ions in exchange reactions in the soil. SAR is a measure of the amount of sodium relative to calcium and magnesium in the water extract from saturated soil paste. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICESOIL FEATURES
General Use
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | Bedrock | Cemented pan | Subsidence | | Risk of corrosion |________________|________________|_______________| Potential |_________________________ Map symbol | | | | | | |frost action| Uncoated | and soil name | Depth |Hardness| Depth | Kind |Initial| Total | | steel | Concrete _________________|_______|________|_______|________|_______|_______|____________|____________|____________ | In | | In | | In | In | | | | | | | | | | | | 2010: | | | | | | | | | Longjim---------| >60 | --- | 14-20 | Thick | --- | --- |Low |High |Low | | | | | | | | | 2140: | | | | | | | | | Jonnic----------| >60 | --- | 25-40 | Thick | --- | --- |Low |High |Low | | | | | | | | | 2191: | | | | | | | | | Pinez-----------| >60 | --- | 40-60 | Thick | --- | --- |None |High |Low | | | | | | | | | Lealandic-------| >60 | --- | 20-40 | Thick | --- | --- | --- |High |Low | | | | | | | | | Arizo-----------| >60 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |Low |High |Low | | | | | | | | | 2212: | | | | | | | | | Yermo-----------| >60 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |Low |High |Low | | | | | | | | | Bullfor---------| >60 | --- | 20-40 | Thin | --- | --- |None |High |Low | | | | | | | | | 2230: | | | | | | | | | Skelon----------| >60 | --- | 20-40 | Thick | --- | --- |Low |High |Low | | | | | | | | | 2269: | | | | | | | | | Greyeagle-------| >60 | --- | 8-14 | Thick | --- | --- |Low |High |Low | | | | | | | | | Yermo-----------| >60 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |Low |High |Low | | | | | | | | | Strozi----------| >60 | --- | 20-40 | Thin | --- | --- |None |High |Low | | | | | | | | | 2280: | | | | | | | | | Shorim----------| 21-40 | Hard | 20-38 | Thin | --- | --- |None |High |Low | | | | | | | | | Zalda-----------| 8-20 | Hard | 7-14 | Thin | --- | --- |None |High |Low | | | | | | | | | Upspring--------| 4-14 | Hard | --- | --- | --- | --- |None |High |Low | | | | | | | | | 2432: | | | | | | | | | Zibate----------| 4-20 | Hard | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |High |Low | | | | | | | | | 2495: | | | | | | | | | Downeyville-----| 4-14 | Hard | --- | --- | --- | --- |Low |High |Low | | | | | | | | | Gabbvally-------| 6-14 | Hard | --- | --- | --- | --- |Moderate |Moderate |Low _________________|_______|________|_______|________|_______|_______|____________|____________|____________ U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICESOIL FEATURES
Endnote -- SOIL FEATURES This report gives estimates of various soil features. The estimates are used in land use planning that involves engineering considerations. Depth to bedrock is given if bedrock is within a depth of 5 feet. The depth is based on many soil borings and on observations during soil mapping. The rock is either "Soft" or "Hard". If the rock is "Soft" or fractured, excavations can be made with trenching machines, backhoes, or small rippers. If the rock is "Hard" or massive, blasting or special equipment generally is needed for excavation. Cemented pans are cemented or indurated subsurface layers within a depth of 5 feet. Such pans cause difficulty in excavation. Pans are classified as "Thin" or "Thick". A "Thin" pan is less than 3 inches thick if continuously indurated or less than 18 inches thick if discontinuous or fractured. Excavations can be made by trenching machines, backhoes, or small rippers. A "Thick" pan is more than 3 inches thick if continuously indurated or more than 18 inches thick if discontinuous or fractured. Such a pan is so thick or massive that blasting or special equipment is needed in excavation. Subsidence is the settlement of organic soils or of saturated mineral soils of very low density. Subsidence results from either desiccation and shrinkage or oxidation of organic material, or both, following drainage. Subsidence takes place gradually, usually over a period of several years. This report shows the expected initial subsidence, which usually is a result of drainage, and total subsidence, which usually is a result of oxidation. Not shown in the report is subsidence caused by an imposed surface load or by the withdrawal of ground water throughout an extensive area as a result of lowering the water table. Potential frost action is the likelihood of upward or lateral expansion of the soil caused by the formation of segregated ice lenses (frost heave) and the subsequent collapse of the soil and loss of strength on thawing. Frost action occurs when moisture moves into the freezing zone of the soil. Temperature, texture, density, permeability, content of organic matter, and depth to the water table are the most important factors considered in evaluating the potential for frost action. It is assumed that the soil is not insulated by vegetation or snow and is not artificially drained. Silty and highly structured clayey soils that have a high water table in winter are the most susceptible to frost action. Well drained, very gravelly, or very sandy soils are the least susceptible. Frost heave and low soil strength during thawing cause damage mainly to pavements and other rigid structures. Risk of corrosion pertains to potential soil-induced electrochemical or chemical action that dissolves or weakens uncoated steel or concrete. The rate of corrosion of uncoated steel is related to such factors as soil moisture, particle-size distribution, acidity, and electrical conductivity of the soil. The rate of corrosion of concrete is based mainly on the sulfate and sodium content, texture, moisture content, and acidity of the soil. Special site examination and design may be needed if the combination of factors creates a severe corrosion environment. The steel installations that intersect soil boundaries or soil layers is more susceptible to corrosion than steel in installations that are entirely within one kind of soil or within one soil layer. For uncoated steel, the risk of corrosion, expressed as "Low", "Moderate", or "High", is based on soil drainage class, total acidity, electrical resistivity near field capacity, and electrical conductivity of the saturation extract. For concrete, the risk of corrosion is also expressed as "Low", "Moderate", or "High". It is based on soil texture, acidity, and amount of sulfates in the saturation extract. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICEWATER FEATURES
General Use
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | Flooding | High water table and ponding | |________________________________|____________________________________________________ Map symbol |Hydro-| | | | Water | | | | Maximum and soil name |logic | Frequency | Duration | Months | table | Kind of | Months | Ponding | ponding |group | | | | depth |water table| | duration | depth _________________|______|___________|__________|_________|_________|___________|_________|__________|_________ | | | | | Ft | | | | Ft | | | | | | | | | 2010: | | | | | | | | | Longjim---------| D |None | --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | 2140: | | | | | | | | | Jonnic----------| C |None | --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | 2191: | | | | | | | | | Pinez-----------| B |None | --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | Lealandic-------| D |None | --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | Arizo-----------| A |Rare | --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | 2212: | | | | | | | | | Yermo-----------| B |None | --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | Bullfor---------| C |None | --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | 2230: | | | | | | | | | Skelon----------| C |None | --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | 2269: | | | | | | | | | Greyeagle-------| D |None | --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | Yermo-----------| B |None | --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | Strozi----------| C |None | --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | 2280: | | | | | | | | | Shorim----------| C |None | --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | Zalda-----------| D |None | --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | Upspring--------| D |None | --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | 2432: | | | | | | | | | Zibate----------| D |None | --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | 2495: | | | | | | | | | Downeyville-----| D |None | --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | Gabbvally-------| D |None | --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- _________________|______|___________|__________|_________|_________|___________|_________|__________|_________ U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICEWATER FEATURES
Endnote -- WATER FEATURES This report gives estimates of various soil water features. The estimates are used in land use planning that involves engineering considerations. Hydrologic soil groups are used to estimate runoff from precipitation. Soils not protected by vegetation are assigned to one of four groups. They are grouped according to the infiltration of water when the soils are thoroughly wet and receive precipitation from long-duration storms. The four hydrologic soil groups are: Group " A". Soils having a high infiltration rate (low runoff potential) when thoroughly wet. These consist mainly of deep, well drained to excessively drained sands or gravelly sands. These soils have a high rate of water transmission. Group "B". Soils having a moderate infiltration rate when thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of moderately deep or deep, moderately well drained or well drained soils that have moderately fine texture to moderately coarse texture. These soils have a moderate rate of water transmission. Group "C". Soils having a slow infiltration rate when thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of soils having a layer that impedes the downward movement of water or soils of moderately fine texture or fine texture. These soils have a slow rate of water transmission. Group "D". Soils having a very slow infiltration rate (high runoff potential) when thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of clays that have a high shrink-swell potential, soils that have a permanent high water table, soils that have a claypan or clay layer at or near the surface, and soils that are shallow over nearly impervious material. These soils have a very slow rate of water transmission. If a soil is assigned to two hydrologic groups in this report, the first letter is for drained areas and the second is for undrained areas. Flooding, the temporary inundation of an area, is caused by overflowing streams, by runoff from adjacent slopes, or by tides. Water standing for short periods after rainfall or snowmelt is not considered flooding, nor is water in swamps and marshes. This report gives the frequency and duration of flooding and the time of year when flooding is most likely. Frequency, duration, and probable dates of occurrence are estimated. Frequency is expressed as "None", "Rare", "Occasional", and "Frequent". "None" means that flooding is not probable; "Rare" that it is unlikely but possible under unusual weather conditions; "Occasional" that it occurs, on the average, once or less in 2 years; and "Frequent" that it occurs, on the average, more than once in 2 years. Duration is expressed as "Very brief" if less than 2 days, "Brief" if 2 to 7 days, "Long" if 7 to 30 days, and "Very long" if more than 30 days. The information is based on evidence in the soil profile, namely thin strata of gravel, sand, silt, or clay deposited by floodwater; irregular decrease in organic matter content with increasing depth; and absence of distinctive horizons that form in soils that are not subject to flooding. Also considered are local information about the extent and levels of flooding and the relation of each soil on the landscape to historic floods. Information on the extent of flooding based on soil data is less specific than that provided by detailed engineering surveys that delineate flood-prone areas at specific flood frequency level. High water table (seasonal) is the highest level of a saturated zone in the soil in most years. The depth to a seasonal high water table applies to undrained soils. The estimates are based mainly on the evidence of a saturated zone, namely grayish colors or mottles in the soil. Indicated in this report are the depth to the seasonal high water table; the kind of water table, that is, "Apparent", "Artesian", or "Perched"; and the months of the year that the water table commonly is high. A water table that is seasonally high for less than 1 month is not indicated in this report. An "Apparent" water table is a thick zone of free water in the soil. It is indicated by the level at which water stands in an uncased borehole after adequate time is allowed for adjustment in the surrounding soil. An "Artesian" water table exists under a hydrostatic beneath an impermeable layer. When the impermeable layer has been penetrated by a cased borehole, the water rises. The final level of the water in the cased borehole is characterized as an artesian water table. A "Perched" water table is water standing above an unsaturated zone. In places an upper, or "Perched", water table is separated from a lower one by a dry zone. Only saturated zones within a depth of about 6 feet are indicated. Ponding is standing water in a closed depression. The water is removed only by deep percolation, transpiration, evaporation, or a combination of these processes. This report gives the depth and duration of ponding and the time of year when ponding is most likely. Depth, duration, and probable dates of occurrence are estimated. Depth is expressed as the depth of ponded water in feet above the soil surface. Duration is expressed as "Very brief" if less than 2 days, "Brief" if 2 to 7 days, "Long" if 7 to 30 days, and "Very long" if more than 30 days. The information is based on the relation of each soil on the landscape to historic ponding and on local information about the extent and levels of ponding.