This file describes all of the various procedures which went into constructing the shoreline data contained on this CD. This information provided here is taken unabridged from the original procedural documentation developed at the inception of the project. TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER ONE: PROCESSING INFORMATION -Informational Overview of Processing Stages and Procedures. -Process Synopsis CHAPTER TWO: SCANNING THE MASTER MANUSCRIPT CHAPTER THREE: VECTOR RASTER REGISTRATION (ArcEdit Heads Up Only) CHAPTER FOUR: DATA CAPTURE -part A - Using Hitachi's CADCore® CAD Product -part B - Using ArcInfo® ArcEdit Heads Up -Guidelines for Data Capture CHAPTER FIVE: VECTOR LAYER CONSTRUCTION CHAPTER SIX: SEGMENT ASSEMBLY CHAPTER SEVEN: DATA VERIFICATION -Actions taken in checking and quality controlling Shoreline -Generating the Verification Plot CHAPTER EIGHT: FINAL ARCHIVE AND DISTRIBUTION CHAPTER ONE: PROCESSING INTRODUCTION Introduction: The construction of a data set such as this shoreline involves many steps, some brief and simple, but most lengthy and of a complex nature. In attempting to document these various processes it was soon realized that, because of the complexity of the efforts, lengthy and highly detailed treatises were called for, if one hoped to supply instruction and guidance suitable for understanding, and, more importantly, for successful execution of the project. As a result, some seven documents, schematic in format, were generated to chronicle the procedures used, constituting over 60 typed pages of text. The inclusion of these procedural documents into this archive required structuring them into topical process groups. The following is a listing of the various topical groupings. Scanning the master manuscript Vector/raster registration (ArcEdit capture only) Data Capture Data Capture Guidelines Vector layer construction Section assembly Data verification Final archive The information provided outline, step-by-step, as applicable, the processing required to carry out each of the various stages of the production effort. Where a step-by-step approach is not feasible, or is inappropriate, a series of rules or guidelines are provided for completing the process. Data set encoding and quality control measures are also outlined here as well. Informational Overview of Processing Stages and Procedures Generation of the NOS/SEAD High Resolution Digital Shoreline Product was accomplished in five stages: data capture, chart cover construction, segment assembly, verification, and final formatting/archive. Stage 1, data capture involves the initial conversion of the analog source data, NOS Coastal Series Navigational Charts, into a digital vector image. During stage 2, the raw vector image is converted into an Arc/Info GIS Coverage. In addition, during this phase of the work, the data is corrected (gross error removal), topologies are constructed, descriptive information is added, and an intermediate archive is created. The third stage is segment assembly. Here, the chart cover data is partitioned into regionally contiguous groupings, (referred to as sections), adjacent boundaries are matched, and the individual charts are joined together to produce continuous shoreline segments. Following assembly, stage 4, data verification, is initiated. Portions of the sectional data are chosen at random to be plotted coincident with chart master sheets (mylars) and compared. Discrepancies are noted, corrective action, if required, is taken, and the data reverified. The fifth and final stage is formatting and final archive. The shoreline data is converted into the two ASCII formats for distribution. Process Synopsis 1. Obtain Black Line Separate of Chart from Coast and Geodetic Survey, Nautical Charting Division. 2. Scan separate and archive image. 3. Capture (digitize) shoreline from scanned raster layer using CAD Heads Up/ArcInfo®-ArcEdit Heads-Up/table digitizing techniques. Once complete, carefully check vector image against raster for errors and/or omissions. 4. Archive captured vector data(Point, Line, and Drawing). Export data (Point and Line) from native CAD into a format readable via ArcInfo®'s GENERATE. 5. Generate vector coverage in ArcInfo® using exported CAD point and line files. 6. Create topologies -linear(arc) and polygonal. 7. Visually scan covers in search of errors, etc. 8. Transform cover into geo-referenced coordinate system. Check and record RMS error. 9. Add descriptive attributes, including the arc left and right side identifiers (land or water), to Arc Attribute Table. 10. Recheck visually for errors. 11. Archive cover. 12. If selected, generate proof plot for comparison with chart separate master. 13. Project cover into national projection (Lambert Conformal Conic) for assembly. 14. Edgematch chart with adjacent covers using Arc Editor. 15. Archive matched vector cover. 16. Assemble vector cover with others in primary section. 17. Archive primary section coverage. 18. Partition primary section covers into regional units. 19. Examine regional unit covers for problems. Correct as necessary. 20. Examine regional covers Arc Attribute Tables for erroneous data and/or omissions. 21. Archive regional covers. 22. Distribute regional covers to beta test sites; place copies on line in-house, for testing and final checking of cover data. Correct identified errors in data and reverify. 23. Reformat to meet Spatial Data Transfer Standard Compliance and distribute final version of data on CD-ROM. CHAPTER TWO: SCANNING THE MASTER MANUSCRIPT This section describes the steps required to scan an NOS Navigational Chart Separate for processing in the National Medium Resolution Digital Vector Shoreline Effort, (or other media not exceeding an E sized template (33 x 44 inches.)) Step 1. Prepare the Chart Tracking Form for the chart to be scanned. Fill in the chart number, revision date, scale, projection, projection parameters, whether or not rotation is required, and the date. Step 2. Remove dust cover and power up scanner. An ON/OFF rocker switch is located on the right side of the panel when facing the front of the unit. Allow the scanner to warm up (~30 to 60 sec.) The LED display on the control panel should display the number "8.0" when it is ready for operation. Step 3. Enter scanner interface software, CADImage, on PC by typing SCAN at the command prompt. Step 4. Select scanning option, "SCANNING", from the CADImage Main Menu. Use the keyboard cursor keys to navigate between options on the Main Menu. (You will use these same keys to make menu picks throughout the various sub menus of the CADImage package.) To make a menu selection, press ENTER. Step 5. Set the media with on scanner. Gauge size of media using scale printed along scanner feeder slot on the top of the unit, and use the keypad on scanner control panel to set the scan width. Whole number changes can be made by using the numeric labeled keys to the left of the LED. Smaller size steps are controlled using the two arrow keys located below the LED. As a rule of thumb for sizing, chose scan widths which are slightly larger than the actual gauged media width. This provides a small margin of error should the sheet be canted slightly during loading. Step 6. Locate the cardinal direction north on the media and insert sheet face down into feed slot of scanner, north first, as far as it will go (do not force.) If the chart is in landscape format, wider than it is high, it may be too wide to fit in to the scanner north first. In these cases, orient the chart such that it is face down and north is directed to the right as you stand facing the front of the scanner. Landscaped scans will require image rotation to restore the proper orientation; this can be done in either CADImage, or CADCore® anytime prior to data capture. The ready light, a green LED located on the media load button, will extinguish once the sheet is correctly inserted. (Note, the lad button is located in the lower left corner of the control panel; the icon on the button is a dog eared rectangle.) Press the load button, and as the scanner feeds the sheet, watch carefully that there is now crumpling, wrinkling or binding of the media. If a problem with the feed is suspected, press the media unload button, located immediately right of the load button, and hold until the sheet is completely free of the device. Step 7. Set up scan configuration from the Configuration Menu in CADImage. This menu should be displayed upon selecting "SCANNING" from the Main Menu. Use the following set up parameters: image = Scan Mode = line BiLevel Process = None Resolution = 200x200 Histogram Corr. = prescan Scan File = HRF All = press ENTER - use the left-right cursor keys to move to desired option choice and press ENTER to select it. Step 8. Enter name of scanned image file. A dialog box will appear and prompt you to enter the name of the file which will contain the image you are about to create. Make sure to enter the full path, including root drive, along with the name. Make sure your path is correct; if it is, press Enter. Step 9. Set tonal filter threshold. A histogram displaying the distribution of tonal values detected during prescan is next displayed on screen. This histogram will be used as a guide to set the tonal density cut off for the scan. The default value is shown as a white vertical bar in the histogram. All values falling to the left of the threshold are eliminated (recorded as white, pixel value=0), all those to the right of the threshold are retained (recorded as a black pixel, value 1.) The threshold can be changed using the left and right cursor keys to advance the bar in the graph left and right, respectively. The numeric value of the cutoff is shown in a field below the histogram. Most prescan information yields bimodal distribution of tonal values for the to-be-scanned data. Most of the tonal information to the left of the default threshold in the histogram is due to media translucence and base density, which is, in essence, noise; something we would like to eliminate from the final scanned image. Values to the right of threshold also contain noise, but are, for the most part, a reflection of the actual media resident information. In selecting a threshold, rarely will we accept the default, we wish to eliminate as much of the noise and clutter as is possible, of course, without deleteriously affecting the actual data. Specific guidance for selecting a threshold which is applicable in all instances is not possible since threshold selection depends on a great many factors, few of which, unfortunately, we have any control. Empirical evidence, however, indicates that for most scan work, setting the threshold just to the right of the second peak in the histogram (numeric value between 165 and 170) provides good results. For the shoreline work, 167 as a starting point and check the image during and after scanning. If it is not satisfactory, adjust the threshold accordingly and re-scan. In any case, some experimentation may be required to produce a satisfactory image. Step 10. Scan chart. Following threshold selection press ENTER to begin the scan. As chart is fed through scanner, a segment of the image scanned is displayed in a window on the PC monitor. Use the left and right cursor keys to pan across the image from left to right, checking the scan quality as you go. Step 11. Post Scan. Once the scan is finished, depress and hold the media load button until the media is fed completely out of the scanner. The pc screen will display the scan configuration menu. From here you can initiate another scan (the configuration set up earlier is preserved for you) just load another sheet in the scanner, pressing ENTER 7 times to move through the configuration set up, provide the file name, set a threshold, and start the new scan. When you have finished scanning, exit the CADImage program by pressing ESCAPE to return to the Main Menu and ESCAPE a second time to exit the software. Power down the scanner and replace the dust cover. CHAPTER THREE: VECTOR RASTER REGISTRATION (ArcEdit Heads-Up Capture Only!). Step One. Following completion of scanning of the master manuscript, use the CADIMAGE software to convert the captured raster from the native HRF to RLC format. Step Two. Transfer image from pc to UNIX environment via ftp type binary. First, place image on GeoCOAST Server (pc operations): e\:> net logon e:\> Q q:\> cd shorline q:\shorline> copy e:\ q:\shorline> e: e:\> net logoff Retrieve image from GeoCOAST Server (move into UNIX environment): % ftp spro ftp: enter user name: sea_e ftp: enter password: orcasead ftp: cd shorline ftp: type binary ftp get ftp: bye Step Three. Enter Arc/Info by typing ARC at the command prompt. Step Four. Enter ArcEdit by typing AE or ARCEDIT at the Arc prompt. Step Five. Set the display device for the edit session: ArcEdit: DISPLAY 9999 size canvas 1100 850 Step Six. Set edit environment for the chart image you are about to capture: ArcEdit: MAPEXTENT IMAGE ArcEdit: IMAGE ArcEdit: MAPWARP ArcEdit: DRAW Step Seven. Use the AML ggp.aml to collect the coordinates of the graticule intersections in the displayed image. ArcEdit: &r ggp Ggp will initially ask for the NOS catalog number for the chart you are working on. After entering the chart number a menu will appear at the bottom of the display. Use the menu to capture as many graticule intersections as can be accurately identified. Use the zoom options on the menu to navigate. The isolation of registration points for the vector layer is done by first locating a potential location on the chart (paper copy) and then attempting to find the same point on the image. Graticule intersections are the best candidates for these. Use the ggp pan and zoom options, or the ArcEdit pan and zoom controls to locate the registration points on the image. If you are able to locate the intersection on the image (because of varying degrees of source material quality and scanning limitations, line work is not always faithfully reproduced) carefully position the cursor cross hair over the point and press the number 7 key (collect point.) This action records the location of the registration point in image coordinates. Repeat this procedure, capturing as many registration points as you can. You must collect at least three, but no more than 60. Five to ten should be sufficient for accurate registration of image to vector layer. Try also to select locations for registration points close to the shoreline on the chart. This will assist in eliminating error associated with he section(s) of the graticule located away from the shoreline data. Close the ggp session by pressing the number 9 key. When you exit ggp two files will be created : the first is .tut, the charts tic update table; the second is .gvt, the charts graticule vector table. We will use these two tables to generate the vector chart layer, upon which the shoreline data will be captured. Step Eight. Exit ArcEdit: ArcEdit: SAVE ArcEdit: QUIT Step Nine. Generate the vector layer: Arc: GENERATE CC GENERATE: input .gvt GENERATE: lines GENERATE: QUIT Step Ten. Register the newly created vector layer to the raster image of the chart. ARC: REGISTER Following the submission of the REGISTER command, a series of four overlapping windows are displayed on screen. One displays the vector layer, the second the raster image, and the third, not yet displaying anything, and quite a bit larger in size than the first two, will show the composite of the overlay between the image and vector coverage. The forth window contains dialog information, containing the register commands menu, registration coordinates, and the results of the transformation computation used to register the image to the vector layer. Shuffle the four windows so that they do not overlap, you will want to see all four simultaneously during the registration process. The vector and image windows, you should notice, in addition to displaying the vector intersections and the scanned chart image, respectively, also contain a transparent rectangle outlined in either yellow or green. These rectangles represent the viewing windows for the image and vector data. When you display the composite in the "Overlay" window, only those areas within the two viewing rectangles will be displayed. You can alter the size of the viewing rectangles by using the center button of the mouse. First, position the mouse pointer either inside or outside the rectangle and press the center mouse button. Notice how the size of the rectangle changes. Now, place the cursor out side of the rectangle and click the mouse again, noting the changes. Experiment with resizing of the viewing rectangle until you understand and are comfortable with the resizing operation. The view rectangles can also be repositioned to display different areas of the vector and raster layers, as desired. As with resizing, repositioning is performed using the mouse. Position the cursor either inside or outside of the current rectangle and click the left mouse button; notice the change in position. Experiment with repositioning until you understand the process and are comfortable with it. Once the viewing rectangles are set, you depress the right mouse button, while the cursor is located in wither the image or vector windows to display the composite[ in the "Overlay" window. To register the vector and raster layers, start by choosing a graticule intersection in the vector layer and then resize/position the vector layers view rectangle such that this intersection occupied the approximate center of the view. Position the rectangle of the raster image similarly, doing as best you can to get the intersection on the image within the view range (this is not always easy, again due to the limitations in scan resolution coupled with the resolvability of the video screen.) When both rectangles are positioned, press the right mouse button; the composite will be displayed in the "Overlay" window. If you cannot see the same intersection on both the vector and raster layers, then reposition one or both of the view rectangles in the image and coverage windows and redisplay. Once the composite contains the desired intersections, add a registration link (registration links are used to register the two layers together>) To add the link position the mouse cursor over the image intersection in the "Overlay" window and press the left mouse button. Next, position the cursor over the vector intersection on the composite and press the left mouse button again. This action places a link between the two positions. The link is represented visually by a green line segment drawn between the image and vectors intersection positions. Continue adding links to as many of the intersections as can be identified on both the vector and raster layers; as few as three, but no more than 60. When you have captured all of the points you could identify, press the "Lock Image" button in the "Register Actions" window. This action will perform a temporary, on the fly transformation of the image and vector layers so that you can now view the overlain composite in the "Overlay" port and visually determine how good the fit is. (Note that the image and vector view windows will reset and the rectangles are now coordinated. If you can the size and/or position of one, you automatically alter the other simultaneously.) Use the view rectangles to pan around the composite, looking at the fit of the registered vector/raster intersections. If the registration is perfect, or near so, the vector and raster intersections will overlay exactly. This, however, is unlikely. Chances are the two will not coincide but instead be slightly offset from one another. The acceptable deviation is based on source chart scale, but should be as small as possible. Use the following as a guide in determining whether the current fit is acceptable or not: 1:20,000 scale - 5 meters shift, maximum. 1:40,000 scale - 10 meters shift, maximum. 1:80,000 scale - 20 meters shift, maximum. Since, at this point, the coordinates for both layers are provided in CAD units, not meters, you will have to estimate these distances using the chart's legend scale. Check all registration points for positional errors. If the visual examination of the fit looks acceptable then press the "Register" button in the "Register Actions" window to compute the transformation parameters and errors. The statistic to review most critically is the RMS Error associated with the transformation. Look for consistency in the values, not just absolute magnitude. If one or more points possess an unusually large error statistic, as compared to the others, then you should be suspect of the quality of the fit of these points, and also their influence on the others. If you have collected in excess of 15 positions, consider eliminating the outliers and rerunning the registration in an effort to improve the fit at the remaining locations. By all means, if there is any question about whether or not to accept or reject a link, please ask. Once all of the positions have been checked, and if you are satisfied that they are all of sufficient accuracy, press the "Save Transformation" button in the "Register Actions" window. This saves the parameters of the current registration/transformation permanently. Should the current registration be inadequate, start the process anew by pressing "Unlock Image" from the "Register Actions" window. CHAPTER FOUR: DATA CAPTURE Part A -Using Hitachi's CADCore® CAD Product. The following is adapted from the instructional text "Creating an Arc/Info® Coverage from a Scanned Image:" by Amy Clark of DM&GIS and is to be used in carrying out data capture operations for the high resolution shoreline work. NOTE: CADCore® has large hard file memory requirements; at least 10Mb of space should be available on the drive containing the CADCore® executable software, and 10Mb (additional) on the drive where the captured vector data is being stored. Step 1. Run the CADCore® program by typing "VECTOR" or "CADC" at a DOS command prompt. Step 2. Select the DRAFT option from the main menu. Step 3. First, set the view port pattern to display the raster by using the pull down menus DISP-VIEWPORT-PATTERNS. Use pattern 4. This sets up a large window for detailed work and a smaller window to view the whole area. The window can be adjusted during the work session using the DISP-WINDOW-ZOOM option or with the PGDN and PGUP keys. To return the window to the size of the raster use DISP-WINDOWS-RFIT. At all times the active window is highlighted in yellow. Click on the file name in the upper left corner of the window to change active windows. Step 4. Load the raster into both view ports with the FILE FLOAD-RLOAD- command sequence; always include the raster images full path name when specifying the raster file name. Step 5. If the chart was scanned such that north is not oriented toward the top of the image, you should rotate it prior to digitizing. To do this select UTIL-RADJUST-R90ROTAT-1 option from the menu bar. This will rotate the image 90 degrees in the counterclockwise direction. Step 6. Locate the area on the raster image where you would like to begin digitizing and zoom in to this area using the WINDOW commands inside the large view port, or the PGUP and cursor keys to zoom and move laterally, respectively. Step 7. Actual data capture can be accomplished in two ways using CADCore®. The first is manual tracing and the second is automatic tracing. Only the former, manual tracing, will be considered here for shoreline work. Select via the TRACER TPOLYARC command from the menu bar. Digitize the shoreline arcs by moving the cursor along the arc while pressing the left mouse button. To end an arc, press ENTER. Begin the next arc at the terminal point of the previous one. Try to position adjacent arc terminal points such that they are placed as close together as possible. Part B - Using ArcInfo®-ArcEdit Heads Up. Replace default coverage tics (created during generate) with tics from update table (.tut. ARC: ARCEDIT ARCEDIT: EDITCOVERAGE CC ARCEDIT: DRAWENVIRONMENT ARCS TICS ARCEDIT: DRAW ARCEDIT: EDITFEATURE TICS ARCEDIT: SELECT ALL ARCEDIT: DELETE ARCEDIT: COORDINATE KEYBOARD XY ARCEDIT: ADD FROM INSIDE ADD MENU: &RUN .TUT ARCEDIT: COORDINATE CURSOR ARCEDIT: SAVE ARCEDIT: QUIT Step Twelve. Set up capture environment in ArcEdit. ARCEDIT: DISPLAY 9999 SIZE CANVAS 1100 850 ARCEDIT: MAPEXTENT IMAGE ARCEDIT: IMAGE ARCEDIT: MAPWARP ARCEDIT: EDITCOVERAGE ARCEDIT: DRAWENVIRONMENT ARCS NODES DANGLE ARCEDIT: NODECOLOR DANGLE 2 ARCEDIT: SETLINESYMBOL EDITLIN.SYM ARCEDIT: DRAW ARCEDIT: EDITFEATURE ARC ARCEDIT: NODESNAP CLOSEST ARCEDIT: INTERSECTARCS ADD ARCEDIT: WEED 0.00001 Step Thirteen: Capture data. ARCEDIT: ADD Digitize the shoreline on screen using the mouse as the digitizer cursor and the background raster image shoreline data as the guide. Pressing the center mouse button, or optionally the number two key on the keyboard, to enter a node at the beginning of an arc (and to end it as well); press the left mouse button, or the number one key on the keyboard, to enter vertices. The editor will automatically place terminal nodes at the 500th vertex position and begin a new arc for you so it is not necessary to track the vertex counts and explicitly end each arc. Capture the depicted shoreline as shown on the image, in its entirety. Data Capture Guidelines The rules provided here are adopted for data capture processing of the NOAA Medium Resolution Digital Vector Shoreline. These rules were derived in response to many problematic areas which presented themselves early in the capture phase of the project. A definitive and consistent set of methodologies was required for handling these special cases. as such, the following eight guidelines were adopted. 1.) Water bodies depicted as single line features on a 1:80,000 Chart are not to be included in the shoreline. 2.) Water bodies which are represented as two-line features, but which do not visibly communicate with oceanic waters via a two line conduit, as shown at the 1:80,000 Chart scale, will not be included in the NDSS-80. 3.) Islands having a diameter of less than 20 meters (ground measure) at the 1:80,000 scale are not to be included. 4.) Periodically underwater features which do not have a coastline delineations referenced to the charts vertical datum (solid line) are not to be included. 5.) Where an indeterminate shoreline exists (dashed line), it will be digitized only if a datum referenced (solid) line is not present. Otherwise, indeterminate shorelines are not to be included. 6.) Features such as emergent rocks, and detached man-made features are not to be included. 7.) Man made structures which are attached but have water flowing under all or part of structures are not to be included. 8.) If a 1:80,000 NOS chart is not available, locate one with a map scale as close as possible to this value, but of higher resolution. If this is not available, then one of lesser scale can be used. Extrapolate the features shown to a representation at the target scale (1:80,000) and test against the remaining exclusion rules. CHAPTER FIVE: VECTOR LAYER CONSTRUCTION Detailed Instructions ---Use these instructions when converting data captured using Hitachi CADCore®/Tracer® Digitizing Scheme. Step Zero: a.) Set up history file... ARC] cat >>C.HIS --type in the following information: chart number= created method of capture used (choose one of the following:) 1. Heads Up using Hitachi CADCore®. 2. Heads Up using ArcInfo® ArcEdit. 3. Conventional Table Digitizing. scanned from (choose one of the following:) 1. mylar master copy of chart. 2. mylar reproduction (x-drawing) of master manuscript. 3. published, water resist paper copy. enter ^D to terminate history info entry. b) rename cover to replace the E suffix with a C suffix. (ArcInfo® captured products, only!) --from within shorelinedir type: ARC] COPY CE ../chartdir/CC Step One: Generate vector layer from CADCore®/Tracer output, <>.lin. (CADCore® captured data only!) ARC] GENERATE CC Generate: Input ../lindir/C.lin Generate: lines Generate: quit Step Two: Set coverage tolerances. -Set value of fuzzy tolerance at 0.001. -Set dangle length to 0.05 ARC] TOLERANCE CC fuzzy 0.001 ARC] TOLERANCE CC dangle 0.05 Step Three: Construct initial topology for cover. a) line (arc) topology ARC] CLEAN CC # # # line b) area (polygon) topology ARC] BUILD CC poly Step Four: Generate labels for polygons in cover. ARC] CREATELABELS CC 0 Step Five: Rebuild polygon topology. ARC] BUILD CC Step Six: Using ArcEdit, set up new tic set (CADCore® capture only!) and check for digitizing blunders(both capture processes). a.) replace tic set with CADCore® derived. ARC] ARCEDIT ArcEdit: MAPEXTENT CC ArcEdit: EDITCOVERAGE CC ArcEdit: DRAWENVIRONMENT tics ArcEdit: DRAW ArcEdit: EDITFEATURE tics ArcEdit: SELECT all ArcEdit: DELETE ArcEdit: COORDINATE keyboard xy ArcEdit: ADD ArcEdit: &run ../pntdir/C.PNT ArcEdit: LIST ArcEdit: SAVE ArcEdit: COORDINATE cursor -check new tic positions visually. If an error occurred, check <>.PNT file for miss-keyed point(s). Eliminate the erroneous tic(s) from tut file (remember, you are only required to have four of these guys!), delete all tics again, and re-add those which remain in the tut file list. -When all coordinate values in the <>.TIC table are correct, then set up cover for for edit scan. b.) check over data for digitizing blunders. ArcEdit: DRAWENVIRONMENT arcs labels nodes dangle ArcEdit: NODECOLOR dangle 2 ArcEdit: DRAW -scan cover while in ArcEdit, searching for blunders. Blunders are errors which are obvious to the eye during a cursory scan of the data. Gaps, spikes, knots, and other odd looking vectors are all candidates for blunders. Correct blunders as necessary using the paper chart as a guide. -as you move along, save (SAVE command) your work from time to time. In the event of a power failure you will be glad you did. ArcEdit: SAVE -When you have completed the error scan and correction operation, quit Arcedit. ArcEdit: QUIT Step Seven: Reconstruct Cover Topology ARC] build C<>C poly --for polys Step Eight: Check C<>C for errors. a) for polygon label errors (leaky polygons) ARC] labelerrors C<>C -Make corrections as necessary using ArcEdit, re-BUILD, and check again. Only Polygon 1 should be without a label point. There may be some dangling arcs at truncations in the shoreline data on the edge of the chart. Step Nine: Transform cover. a) Create a new, empty cover using the existing tic and boundary information. ARC] CREATE CD CC b) Update tic values in <>.TIC. Replace existing with equivalent spherical (Lat-Lon) coordinates. ARC] INFO ARC Enter Command> SELECT CD.TIC Enter Command> LIST Enter Command> UPDATE -Update records by replacing existing tic coordinate with equivalent georeferenced spherical units. When completed: Enter Command> QUIT STOP -list updated tic file to screen and check update values again against data sheet. ARC] LIST CD.TIC -at this point look over the output from the LIST command. Make certain that the values entered are correct for each coordinate listed; correct those which are not using UPDATE. When all coordinate values in the CD.TIC table are correct, continue... c) Copy tic file listing to cover history file... -first, drag-select (just like on a Macintosh) the entire tic table. ARC] CAT >>C.HIS type " Original control points..." and ENTER -press center button of mouse to "paste" table to file -press ENTER ^D d) Project cover CD to cover CE using projection parameter file, appropriate for the coastline you are working on. PROJECT.PARAMS.-all coasts ARC] PROJECT cover CD C E e) Transform cover ARC] TRANSFORM CC CE f) Record transformation table in history file... -first, drag-select (just like on a Macintosh) the transformation table. ARC] CAT >>C.HIS -press center button of mouse to "paste" table to file -press ENTER ^D g) Record transformation error on Chart Tracking form (both map and ground) h) Define projection type for <>E ARC] PROJECTDEFINE cover CE : PROJECTION mercator -or polyconic, as applicable. : UNITS meters :SPHEROID grs80 : PARAMETERS -enter projection parameters as prompted; use chart tracking sheet for guidance i) reconstruct topologies... ARC] BUILD CE j) delete cover CD ARC] KILL CD all Step Ten: Add descriptive items to attribute tables -Use Additem command. a) to <>E.AAT, items to add l_side 1, 1, i r_side 1, 1, i s_scale 7, 7, i s_chart 7, 7, c source, 1, 1, i arc_code,1, 1, i ARC] ADDITEM CE.aat CE.aat l_side 1 1 i ARC] ADDITEM CE.aat CE.aat r_side 1 1 i ARC] ADDITEM CE.aat CE.aat s_scale 7 7 i ARC] ADDITEM CE.aat CE.aat s_chart 7 7 c ARC] ADDITEM CE.aat CE.aat source 1 1 i ARC] ADDITEM CE.aat CE.aat arc_code 1 1 i Step Eleven: Enter descriptive topologies/attributes into <>E.AAT. a) create artificial land polygon(s) by adding one or more dummy arcs (as required) to shoreline chart data. The arcs should be added such that the shoreline and the added dummy arcs effectively create a polygon, or polygons if more than one land area is involved. Add label points for the newly added polygon(s) and set the id attribute for each to 99999. Leave all other existing polygons in cover, including the universe polygon, alone. ARC] ARCEDIT ARC] DISPLAY 9999 size canvas 1100 850 --if required. ArcEdit: MAPEXTENT <>E ArcEdit: EDITCOVER <>E ArcEdit: DRAWENVIRONMENT arcs labels nodes ArcEdit: NODECOLOR node 2 ArcEdit: DRAW ArcEdit: NODESNAP closest * ArcEdit: EDITFEATURE arcs ArcEdit: ADD -digitize (using mouse) construction arcs* * make sure that nodes connecting construction arcs and shoreline are correctly snapped together when they are added. ArcEdit: CALCULATE arc_code = 2 -tag construction arcs ArcEdit: DRAW -look for dangle nodes at junctions between construction and shoreline arcs (i.e., leaky polygons.) Correct as required. ArcEdit: DRAWENVIRONMENT node dangle ArcEdit: DRAW -digitize the label point(s)... ArcEdit: EDITFEATURE labels ArcEdit: AUTOINCREMENT off ArcEdit: ADD -digitize label point(s) for land polygon(s). Set user id of first label point to = 99999, then digitize label(s). ArcEdit: SAVE ArcEdit: QUIT b) reconstruct topologies ARC] BUILD C<>E c) check again for leaky polygons and node errors... ARC] LABELERRORS <>E -if all polygons are intact only polygon 1 should have 0 label points. Polygon 1 is the universe polygon. Correct if necessary. ARC] NODEERRORS <>E dangle -there should be no dangling arcs in the cover at this stage of the process, correct as necessary. Step Twelve: Provide left and right side topologies for shoreline arcs using binary topology rules below. Arc] ARCEDIT ArcEdit: MAPEXTENT <>E ArcEdit: EDITCOVER <>E ArcEdit: DRAWENVIRONMENT arcs labels ArcEdit: DRAW ArcEdit: EDITFEATURE arcs ArcEdit: SELECT all ArcEdit: RESELECT lpoly# = 1 and rpoly# > 1 ArcEdit: CALCULATE r_side = 2 ArcEdit: CALCULATE l_side = 1 ArcEdit: SELECT all ArcEdit: RESELECT rpoly# = 1 and lpoly# > 1 ArcEdit: CALCULATE r_side = 1 ArcEdit: CALCULATE l_side = 2 ArcEdit: SELECT all ArcEdit: RESELECT rpoly# > 1 and lpoly# > 1 ArcEdit: CALCULATE r_side = 3 ArcEdit: CALCULATE l_side = 3 -Check over work by selecting various polygons at random and listing values for the variables l_side and r_side, respectively. Should you find discrepancies or problems, attempt to correct them. When you are satisfied that everything is OK in the cover, continue. -delete construction arcs and associated label points added above: ArcEdit: SAVE ArcEdit: SELECT arc_code = 2 ArcEdit: DELETE ArcEdit: EDITFEATURE label ArcEdit: SELECT $id = 99999 ArcEdit: DELETE ArcEdit: SAVE -attribute other table fields. (Use Chart tracking Form for guidance) ArcEdit: EDITFEATURE arc ArcEdit: SELECT all ArcEdit: RESELECT arc_code ne 3 ArcEdit: CALCULATE s_scale = ArcEdit: MOVEITEM '' to s_chart ** ** notice the chart number string in the above MOVEITEM command is enclosed in single quotation marks. ArcEdit: CALCULATE source = 1(Arc/Info Heads Up) = 2(CADCore®) = 3(ArcInfo® Digitizer) ArcEdit: CALCULATE arc_code =1 ArcEdit: SAVE ArcEdit : QUIT Step Thirteen: Reconstruct topologies and calculate the shoreline miles statistic. a) reconstruct topologies... ARC] BUILD CE b) calculate shoreline miles... ARC] ARCEDIT ArcEdit: MAPEXTENT <>E ArcEdit: EDITCOVER <>E ArcEdit: EDITFEATURE arcs ArcEdit: SELECT all ArcEdit: STATISTICS statistics: SUM length statistics: END -record the resulting length total (this is the total length of all arcs in the cover in meters) on the Chart Tracking Form for the cover. Convert the meter value to nautical miles (round to the nearest tenth) and enter this value in the N Miles of Shoreline on the Chart Tracking Form. (1852 meters = 1 nautical mile.) ArcEdit: QUIT Step Fourteen: Export the cover data to the archive directory: ARC] EXPORT cover C<>E ./archivedir/C<>E n ARC] COMPRESS ./archivedir/C<>E.E00 ARC] COPY C<>E ./archivedir/<>E ARC] mv c<>.HIS ./archivedir Step Fifteen: Clean up the workspace... ARC] KILL C<>C all ARC] KILL C<>E all CHAPTER SIX: SEGMENT ASSEMBLY In the Segment Assembly Stage the individual chart covers, each assigned to a regionally contiguous group, are appended together to form a single, continuous section of shoreline. Step 1. Project chart from its current projection (Mercator or Polyconic) into the projects national projection, Lambert Conformal Conic. ARC] PROJECT COVER CE C -you will be prompted for additional information to complete the projection recalculation. At the colon prompt (:) enter the following: : OUTPUT : PROJECTION Lambert : UNITS meters : SPHEROID grs80 : PARAMETERS Enter First Standard Parallel [ ] 29 00 00 Enter Second Standard Parallel [ ] 45 00 00 Enter Central Meridian [ ] -96 00 00 Enter Projections Origin [ ] 24 00 00 Enter False Easting 0.0 Enter False Northing 0.0 : END Step 2. Align/adjust cover edges to match adjacent charts. Select two covers which are to be matched. Place set up one as the edit cover and the other in the background. ARC] ARCEDIT : DISPLAY 9999 SIZE CANVAS 1100 850 : BACKCOVERAGE : BACKENVIRONMENT ARCS : MAPEXTENT : EDITCOVERAGE : DRAWENVIRONMENT ARCS NODES DANGLE : NODECOLOR DANGLE 2 : DRAW -The objective of this step is to prepare the data in each of the chart covers which comprise a region so that they can be appended together. To do this we must do three things: first, locate the overlap areas between adjacent chart covers, second, isolate positions (connection points) within these overlap areas where the two adjoining charts could be connected together (appended), and finally, edit the data in each chart cover to remove the arcs in the overlap sections beyond the connection points. This leaves us with data whose adjacent boundaries abut, rather than overlap. -Perfect registration between two adjacent covers is unlikely, so we have to find places in the overlap regions where the charts can be merged most easily and conveniently, without modifying the data on any one chart any more than is necessary. Candidate positions for the matching of two charts are situations where two arcs intersect, angles of intersection should be close to 180-, if possible, and places where two arcs, while not actually intersecting, are nearly parallel and closest together. In addition, the following is a set of guidelines are to be used in the selection of connection points and in the actual adjustment of the data: 1. When there is a difference in chart scale, the higher resolution charts data takes precedence. When and where adjustment of the data is required, move only the lower resolution (smaller map scale) arcs. 2. If the two charts are of the same map scale, and ground control points are available, utilize the ground control positions to guide adjustment. The control points are fixed aids to navigation, (i.e., tanks, towers, lights, etc.) whose ground positions are known, and which can be located on the appropriate navigation chart. We can use these points to get some idea (qualitative) about how accurate is the placement of the shoreline data near that particular point by comparing the relative position of the shoreline and points on the display to their relationship on the chart. If we assume that the control locations are reasonably accurate, and we do, then we adjust the shoreline of both chart covers relative the these points. Remember, adjust as little as possible, we do not want to modify the information any more than is absolutely necessary to obtain a match. 3. If the two charts are of the same scale, but no controlling points are available, then adjust both charts approximately equally to obtain the match. 4. If two charts both contain the same island features, and of differing chart scales, the higher resolution chart takes precedence. In cases where both charts are of the same scale, and the islands are complete polygons in both covers, then you can eliminate either one. Should a cover have an incomplete section of an island, or the terminator of a peninsula, while the adjacent chart contains the features in their entirety, then remove the data from the incomplete chart. 5. Should no overlap exist between two adjacent coverages, and the distance separating them is greater than 1 km, the missing section(s) should be located on the appropriate navigational charts, digitized, and included in the existing data. If the gap is less than 1 km, an estimation arc (arc_code = 5, integrity = 5) can be added to connect the two adjoining covers. -When you isolate connection point locations, split the arcs at these points and delete the arc section beyond it in the overlap region. Next, swap edit and back covers, split the arcs of the new edit cover at the connection points and delete the tails. Try to position the terminal nodes of the individual covers such that they are as close to coincident as is possible to those of the adjacent cover. If it is necessary to move nodes/vertices on one or both of the covers to gain coincidence, refer to the edge matching rules above. Several of the ArcEdit commands useful in matching the two covers are listed below: SPLIT UNSPLIT VERTEX MOVE VERTEX ADD VERTEX DELETE NODE MOVE It is important to stress that when performing the adjustment, every effort should be made to keep data modification to a absolute minimum. All covers in a region must be properly edge matched prior to joining. Step 3. Append chart covers to create the regional section. ARC] APPEND line all Enter cover 1: C -name of 1st cover. Enter cover 2: C -name of 2nd cover. Enter cover 3: C -name of 3rd cover. . . . Enter cover n: C -name of nth cover. Enter cover n+1: end -where n is the number of chart covers which make up the region. Step 4. Connect charts segments in regional cover. The Append step places the individual charts making up a section into the regional cover, but does not actually join them at the connection points. This must be done manually using the Arc Editor. (Actually, there are a number of ways in which the terminal nodes of the adjacent covers could be connected, or "snapped" together, using ArcInfo®. With many of these techniques, however, you sacrifice some or all positional control during processing. Since it is desired to maintain strict control over the modification of the shoreline data at all stages of the process, we choose not to employ them opting, instead, to retain as much control as we can. The drawbacks to this approach are manifested in increased time and effort required to complete the process, and the greater likelihood of operator error.) Set up the following environment in ArcEdit: ARC] ARCEDIT ArcEdit: MAPEXTENT ArcEdit: EDITCOVERAGE ArcEdit: DRAWENVIRONMENT arcs nodes dangle ArcEdit: NODECOLOR dangle 2 ArcEdit: DRAW ArcEdit: EDITFEATURE arcs ArcEdit: NODESNAP closest 100 -set snap distance to 100m. -Locate nodes (dangling nodes/arcs) which are to be connected. Select one of the arcs and the node (here we treat the node as a vertex and, as such, edit it using the VERTEX edit commands in ArcEdit) and move it atop the node of the adjacent chart segment (previously the adjoining cover) where it should be connected. ArcEdit: SELECT -select arc. ArcEdit: VERTEX MOVE -select vertex. -The 1 key (the left mouse button) selects vertices. The selected vertex is marked using a small, transparent triangle. If the vertex selected (marked by the selection triangle) is the correct one then press the 4 key, position the mouse cursor over the node to which you will snap to and press the 1 key (left mouse button.) If the two nodes are within the snap tolerance you specified (100 meters), they will snap together automatically. A successful snap is indicated by the placement of a pseudo node (diamond shaped symbol) at the position where the two dangling nodes were located. If the selected vertex is not the one you intended to select, use the 2 key to "walk" your way along the arc, vertex by vertex, until the desired one is selected. Then , press the 4 key and move it as described. You will "snap" the terminal nodes at each of the connection points in the regional cover. When you have completed connecting the chart segments in the regional cover, save it and exit ArcEdit. ArcEdit: SAVE ArcEdit: QUIT Step 5. Reconstruct arc-line topology. ARC] BUILD line -Note: We do not want to maintain polygonal topologies in the regional data set. Step 6. Export and archive the regional cover. ARC] EXPORT COVER n Copy and compress the resulting export file and store in the local archive subdirectory. Also, place a copy of the export archive on other back up media and store off site, if possible, in the event of data loss in the local file system. CHAPTER SEVEN: DATA VERIFICATION Actions taken in checking and quality controlling Shoreline information. Descriptive data was furnished to give users information describing the source of the spatial components (arcs) as well as provide a brief, and qualitative estimate of the integrity of the sourced elements. Confidence in the accuracy of these data are high, however, because the attribute information was quality checked via manual scanning of the tables, it cannot be considered free from error. Several data checking methodologies were employed in making data quality determinations; the following is a brief synopsis of these efforts: 1. During data capture, and immediately following, the vector data was checked directly against the raster background for omissions, redundancies, and digitizing errors. 2. As a part of the initial phases of construction, the vector data was once again scanned visually for errors and/or inconsistencies. 3. The geo-referencing transformation RMS error provided us a means to check our data registration and control point capture techniques. 4. Prior to completion of coverage assembly, each chart section was once again visually scanned and compared to the NOS Chart sheet. 5. Proof plots a E-plot size were generated for select areas of the shoreline. These plots were scaled to allow direct overlay and comparison with the original NOS Chart Separates. 6. Each shoreline coverage attribute table (Arc Attribute Table) was manually checked for erroneous data or omissions. 7. Each section was checked finally for intersections, dangling arcs (except at edges), and for nodes with valence values > 2. The data was then renoded. 8. The data set was sent to various users within NOAA, as well as to several State Agencies, and other private concerns. Each recipient was asked to use the data as they saw fit, keeping an eye out for problems, or potential trouble spots, and report back to us any problems. Forty four problems were reported using the supplied Data Defect Reporting Forms (see list below) from the beta test groups. All of the reported defects have been rectified. Generating the Verification Plot: These instructions describe the process used to generate a verification plot for selected portions of the regional shoreline cover data to be checked and compared with the master copy. This work is to be performed on the PC using DOS version 5.0 and pcArcInfo® version 3.4D+. Step 1. Obtain a master copy (mylar sheet) of the chart or charts in the area to be checked from the appropriate Charting Division Section. Step 2. Overlay a clean, E-sized, sheet of vellum on the master copy and locate two positions on the master for which accurate ground positions are known; these will be used as registration points in generating the verification plot. The intersection lines of the charts graticule are probably the best choice for these; select one in the lower left corner and the other in the upper right corner of the copy. The only requirement is that the two points be located within the confines of the charted data; make sure the points are within a minimally enclosing rectangle as defined by the shoreline data itself, and not the neat line of the chart. Use a sharpened pencil to mark and number these two positions very carefully on the vellum overlay, labeling them as registration points 1 and 2, respectively. Make such the vellum is held flat and motionless atop the master copy when marking. Also, using a Post-it Note, or some other non-permanent stick on label, mark the locations of the points (registration points 1 and 2) on the master copy; be certain to number them correctly. Step 3. Prepare the digital over plot data to be used in the verification plot. a.) Enter the two registration point coordinates collected in step 2, above, converted from DMS to DD format (remember to keep west longitudes negative), into a text file and project this file using the Arc PROJECT command. The following formula can be used in converting between GP formats: DD = Degrees + Minutes/60 + Seconds/3600 Using the DOS 5.0 screen editor, EDIT: (If you are in the pcArcInfo® environment, you will have to exit to use EDIT. If you do not wish to do this, QEDIT, or another text editor could be used in lieu of EDIT.) f:> EDIT when the edit window is displayed enter the two coordinates pairs, longitude1 latitude1 longitude2 latitude2 save the file and exit EDIT. From inside ArcInfo® project the file from decimal degrees (GPs) to Mercator meters. ARC] PROJECT FILE :INPUT :PROJECTION geographic :UNITS dd :SPHEROID GRS80 :PARAMETERS : OUTPUT : PROJECTION mercator : UNITS meters : SPHEROID GRS80 : PARAMETERS Enter central meridian (dms) -122 45 00* Enter latitude of true scale (dms) 36 29 45* False Easting: 0.0 False Northing: 0.0 : END * use values for central meridian and latitude of true scale applicable to the charted data you are verifying. Data entry here is in DMS format only. Save this file and quit the EDIT program. Create a preliminary map composition for the verification data. ARC] ARCPLOT : DISPLAY 4 : PAGESIZE 33 44 : MAPEXTENT : MAP : OPC3 < you will be prompted to enter the full name of file containing projected registration points> : ARCS : --add any labeling or other additional information now, if you wish-- -- examine the map on screen at this point; make certain that the two registration points are visible, as well as all of the shoreline data which is to be included in the verification plot. If you cannot locate the registration points on the map on screen, enter the command MFRESH to redraw the map composition. If you still cannot see these points, check the coordinates of the points against the shoreline data map extent; you cannot proceed with the verification process if both registration points are not included in the map/plot file you are now creating. The registration points should fall within the zone bounded by the map extent of the shoreline coverage. When you are ready to exit the map composer enter: : MAP END d.) create an ESRI 1039 plot file from the preliminary map composition above: : DISPLAY 1039 Enter name of plot file : PAGESIZE 33 44 : MAPEXTENT : PLOT : QUIT Step 4. Export the over plot plot file to an ESRI 1039 graphics interchange file. ARC] EXPORT PLOT name of over plot plot file> n Step 5. Convert the ESRI graphics interchange text file to an over plot file using the over plot conversion utility. ARC] OPC3 the name of the converted file will be the same root Step 6. Set up and prepare media and plotter for over plot. a.) Power up plotter and let it run through its initialization sequence. b.) Load vellum into plotter. c.) Check the pen carousel making sure that the digitizing site is installed in one of the pen slots (if you do not know what the digitizing site is, ask.) d.) Return the carousel to the plotter, and select the digitizing site using the pen select keys on the front panel. e.) Map the registration points to the plotter scaling points. Two scaling points, referred to as P1 and P2, are programmed into the HP 7585b's ROM. These points provide the means by which data can be positioned and scaled on the media. By changing the locations of P1 and P2, both relative to one another, and with respect to the plotting sheet, and changing the coordinate values assigned to these two points, we can effectively translate, rotate, mirror, and re-scale our plotted output as we please. In taking advantage of these control features, we can effectively position our plotted data such that it is correctly oriented with respect to any information which is already on the media. This technique is known as coincidence or over plotting and we utilize this capability in producing the verification plot. To map the shoreline data registration points to the plotters scaling points, P1 and P2, we must perform two operations on P1 and P2: first, we physically shift their positions within the hard clip limits so that they are coincident with the registration points marked on the plotting media, and secondly, we assign the actual coordinates of the registrations points, in 1039 plot file units, to them. The first operation is done as follows: Using the joystick on the front panel of the plotter, position the digitizing site so that it is over the first registration point on the media (make certain that you position the site over the correct registration point when performing the mapping, map registration point 1 to P1 and registration point 2 to P2). Press the PEN DOWN key on the front panel. Look down through the top of the site; you should see a small black dot, this is the alignment mark. Use the joystick to carefully position the sites alignment mark over the registration point. Align the two points as accurately as you can, this is very important! When you are satisfied with the alignment, press the ENTER key followed by the P1 key, both on the plotter front panel. Now, press PEN UP. Repeat this procedure for the second registration point and P2. When these are aligned, press ENTER followed by P2. Lastly, press PEN UP. Check the alignment after you have finished by pressing the P1 key. The site should position itself directly over the new location of P1. Press PEN DOWN and look down through the site glass; you should see the site mark and registration point aligned. Now, press the P2 key. The site will move over the new location of P2, that is, on top of the second registration point on the sheet. Check this point for accuracy as you did P1. If there is any discrepancy or change in alignment, repeat the remapping process, above. Step 7. Plot the over plot data. --to initiate plotting of the over plot data set use the DOS COPY command to copy the over plot file (.OPC extension) to the plotter. ARC] COPY COM1 the plot should begin immediately, first the two registration points should be drawn. The points will be red in color or whatever color is in pen holder number 2 on the carousel. The line work of the shoreline will follow in the color of the pen in pen slot number 1, probably black. Step 8. Perform the data verification between the digital shoreline and the master. --When the plot is complete, unload the vellum from the plotter. Lay the vellum sheet over the master copy of the chart and align the registration points on the vellum with the concomitant positions on the master. Look over the plotted and master data and compare the locations of the two. Ideally, the two will be coincident, that is, they should exactly overly/underlie on another. As specified in the statement of work for the shoreline project, the digital data must not deviate from the chart data by more than 0.25 inches, which is approximately a line width of a shoreline weight line on a 1:80000 map coastal series chart. Mark areas where the shoreline appears to deviate from the master by more than a line width. Areas where discrepancies between the over plot and the master copy are found might indicate that the shoreline data requires reworking, or, in the worst case, replacement. Detailed guidance in these instances, short of a skeletal set of instructions, is well beyond the scope of this document. Therefore, we will make determinations on these "deviation" incidents on a case by case basis. Note: It is a good idea to do the comparisons between the verification plot and the master copy as soon as possible after generation since the vellum is not dimensionally stable over time. Delays in doing the check might result in a slight shift in one or both dimensions of the verification plot sheet. Any shift will manifest itself as data error; and it is error which is not actually there! Course of action could force us to do unnecessary repair/replacement work. Step 9. Clean up your mess. --in the event that rework or replacement is found necessary, a new verification plot will be required to check the updated/corrected work. Thus, if reworking of the data in any capacity is going to be required, save the projected registration point file you created during initial plot processing. This will reduce redundancy during reverification. --if the verification is successful, remove (delete) files and covers you generated from the over plot/verification operations which are longer needed. Power down the plotter and return it, if you moved it in the first place, to its storage location, and file away the verification plot hard copy. CHAPTER EIGHT: FINAL ARCHIVE AND DISTRIBUTION The shoreline data is to be distributed on Compact Disc in two ASCII formats. Conversion of the source data will involve operations to convert from native ArcInfo® Geodata Sets to each respective format. To ASCII Format One: Use the ArcInfo® UNGENERATE Command with the Line Option. To ASCII Format Two: Use Strategic Mapping Inc. ArcAtlas Importer/Exporter Utility to generate Boundary Named ASCII Files (BNA.) Following successful conversion of the shoreline data into the three distribution formats, the information will be transferred to the National Geophysical Data Center in Boulder, CO where a master CD will be created. We will review the master product, checking it for errors, omissions, and any other flaws. Once approved, the master will sent for reproduction. *********************