SEPTEMBER, 1904. MONTHLP WEATHER ~~W . 413
from radiation. A centrifugal aspirator, run by clockwork (25 turn6 per
secondJdraws an air current of from two to three meters per second past
the thermometers inside the protecting tubes. This removes the radia-
tion heat that has not been reflected by the protecting tubes, so that even in the strongest sunshine (at great heights, on mountains, in balloons, as well as in the Tropics) the true air temperature is measured. One of
the thermometer bulbs is wrapped in muslin and from time to time moistened with water. The vapor tension is calculated from Sprung’s
formula f=f’-”/, (t -t ’ ) b/755. For use in the Tropics, two extra
springs and thermometers and a moisteniug apparatus are furnishetl.
Bolomelric apparatw for tL memiwewent of the total radiation. -In order
to measure the radiation from a glowiug body, which it sends out to it6 environment in the form of ether waves, a very sensitive instrument i+ re-
quired, which transforms the energy of the ouromiiig wavesinto heat, ant1 by means of its rise in teniperature allows this energy to he iiirasured. The bolometer, according to Lammer-liurlbaum, consihtn of platinum
foil 0.001 millimeter in thicknesb, covered with spongy platillurn. in
order that all wave lengths may be albsorbetl equally. The four ariiih of
the bolometer are combined into a Whratstoue biidye. Tliesv are all as
much alike a? posbible, in order that the balance of the lwidge 5h.dl not
be affected in any appreciable degree by the variations of thr I
perature or the variations in strength of the nieasuring cur
consequence of this and on account of tlir small thermal inertia anal e\-
traordinary thinness of the strips, a raliation that proiluces a htletiirg
in the bolometer of only O.Ix)UU1° C. can be ineahuretl with an a(.c.uracy
of a few per cent. In addition to the bolometer. the stand holds B bIt.0~1-
ing apparatus and a shutter, provitlrd with water cooling.
THE PHILIPPINE WEATHER BUREAU.
This exhibit occupies a building of its own. The map sec-
tion is especially interesting and elaborate. An outdoor relief
map of the Philippines occupies a space 110 feet long by So
feet wide just back of the building. There are also eight
smaller accessory relief maps of the islands, showing: (1) The
average rainfall in the Archipelago and prevailing winds ou the
seas during February, the driest month of the yew; (3 ) dur-
ing August, the wettest rnontli of the year; (3 and 4) the
political and religious divisions; ( 5 ) the relative earthquake
frequency; (6) mines and mineral springs; (7) forestry and
agriculture; (8 ) ethnography. Other maps sliow Manila Bay;
the Volcano and Lake Taal; Manila and surrounding towis;
the distribution of raiiifall in the Archipelago; typhoon
tracks, etc.
A number of the Manila Observatory publications are dis-
played.
On each side of the building is a high tower. A Robinson
anemometer is at the top of one and the transmitting portion
of Richard’s anemocinemograph is a t the top of the other.
A microseismograph, built a t the Manila Observatory, is
shown in operation. This instrument is a copy of the grand
microseisinograph of Vicentini, with the vertical component
modified by Rev. Father AlguB. Twenty additional instru-
ments are displayed, including Rev. Father dlgu15’s refraction
nephoscope, barocycloneme ter, and typhoon barometer. Iiain-
fall, lightning, sunshine. earthquakes, temperature, atmos-
pheric pressure, and the direction, velocity, and force of the
wind are recorded by self-registering apparatus.
Both Father Fenyi’s and Father Odenbach’s ceraunographs,
or lightning recorders, are also exhibited.
THE DIGNITY OF THE SERVICE.
Address by Mr. JAMES H. SCARR, Obsenrr. at the W d l i e r Burenti Banqiirt, Penria, Ill., September 22, 11104.
When I speak of ‘(Dignity ” I do not refer to that so-cnlled
dignity whose chief stock in trade consists of a silk hat and
kid gloves. These and more are but the adjuncts of dignity,
and in proper time and place possess a value not to be under-
estimated. But I would speak of that dignity which comes
from a sense of responsibility for the performance of a dL1ty-
not only agreeable and satisfying, but imperative and valu-
able-the dignity that comes from a faith in the absolute
integrity of purpose behind the work sought to be performed,
and the exercise of every energy to bring that work to per-
fection.
Let me speak of the man as the visible sign of the Service,
the stereoscope, i f you please, through which the public views
and forms its estimate of the Service.
The true dignity of the Service may be as high above the
man charged with its duties as the heaven is high above the
earth, but the public estimate of that duty will, for a long
time to come, be measured by the public’s opinion of the men
who represent it.
The weather has SO long been the synonym of uncertainty
and fickle changeableness, that signs and portents (possibly
of some value in the locality of their origin) have obtained a
firm hold upon the public mind, so that i t is not too much to
assert that the service that seeks to reduce the weather
changes to rule and foretell their occurrence by the applica-
tion of known physical-laws, must, for a time at least, borrow
its dignity from the men who represent it.
The man is wliolly unworthy the work iu which he is en-
gaged, who fails to dignify that work with his very best effort.
Not only inust lie so dignify his profession, but he must be
deeply impressed with the funclamental truth that his best is
jioocl enough only so long as it is eclual to the demand made
upon him
I know of no position in any community that demands more
than that occupied by the representative of the United States
Weather Bnreau. It is only by the constant, faithful, and
accurate response to these demands that the true dignity of the
Service can be, aucl will be, established aiicl maintained.
He inust be a good citizen, sober. industrious, and moral;
keeping carefully aloof from sectional or factional alliances
or prejudices; resisting kindly but firmly every effort of local
pride or ri\ d r y to Imil(1 up its particular cliinatological repu-
tation by the suppression or garbling of conditions prevailing
there or elsewhere. He niust bear in iuiiid that his principal
duty to the coinniunity is the collection and clisseinination of
cliiiiatologicnl and current weather data, in their special rela-
tiou to the business of that particnlar community, and that
the clisseiiiinntion of such data iiiust lie tiinely, reliable, ancl
impartial.
Neither must liis dignity be always of the niinisterial sort
that invariably frowns upon the “Weather Joker.” Let him
have his joke SO long as i t contains no poison; i t may afford an
opportunity to point a lesson. htreiigthen a friendship, and
advance the interests of the Service.
Iii every public ser-
yice the I )I U J ~ becoines hit the iustruinent of operation, and if
found uiisuited to the field in which he is employed, he must
gile way to another. It matters not, so far as procedure and
results are concerned, whether the lack of adaptability be the
fault of the iiistruinent or of the field It is much easier to
change iiistruments than to refurin fields.
He must be loyal. Put this down as fiuiclmnental. Nothing
cau esert sucli a disintegrating, deixornlizing influence upon
the Service as disloyalty. Assistants 111Llbt be loynl to the offi-
cials in charge of the stations on which they Kerve. Observers
ancl local forecasters must be loyal to the district forecaster.
But above all be loyal to our honored Chief, than whom no
man has clone more to set LIP and maintain a high standard of
dignity, and than whoin uo inan coulcl have clone more to in-
crease the efticiency and practical utility of the Service, while
conserving, in SO far as its hard exigencies permit, the per-
sonal interests of every man in it.
Remember, too, that the Service stauds before the unin-
formed public, identified aucl nieasureil by its failures. In
the niincl of that public the weather forecaster is not exempt
from that stern but inexorably written lam, r‘ He that offentleth
in one point is guilty of all.” Let one serve his friend with
devotion and singleness of purpose through the years of a
long life, but ne\’er so unwittingly fail him in one instance,
and the service of a lifetime is found wanting when weighed
in his balance against the one failure.
He must put the Service before belf.
414 MONTHLY WEATHER RXVIEW. SEPTEMBER, 1904
Facing this fact, it is not hard to see two converging lines
along which the Service must proceed to establish itself in the
confidence of the public. The one is to make better forecasts.
The other is to make clear to the public just what the Service
attempts to do and does do in the matter of making forecasts.
If forecasts for definite areas and times could be reduced to
mathematical exactness, the Bureau could proceed with its
work without seeking to take the public into its confidence.
But this period is not nom and may never be reached; and
the work along this line may be termed interior. The es-
terior work is along the other line, and the two must be
pushed simultaneously till they meet at the surface.
Personal work in the form of popular lect,ures ancl coiirses
in educational institutions will accomplish much in this di-
rection. But greater, wider, quicker. nncl surer is the influ-
ence of the public press. This is the medium wliich oRers
freely to bring the Service claily into confidential relations
with every fireside; and I speak advisedly a d with cleliljera-
tion when I say that the men in charge of stations slioulcl be
held strictly accountable not only for the articles l~enring
upon meteorological conditions and occurrences uppwriw/ in
the papers in their vicinity, but for those which should but
do not appear. To plead or prove ineficiency in tliib 1~ar-
ticular is to fail to meet an imperative deiiiancl of the Service,
and to demonstrate an unfitness for that pnrticular field.
These may seem to you, my comrades, to be hard lines, hit
from your respectful and sympathetic attention I feel con-
firmed in the opinion that you have not sought or remained
in this service either because i t is easy or largely remuneratii e.
but because of a love for the Service and a devotion to duty,
brightened and strengthened by that bond of brotherhood
everywhere manifested; a bond dereloped by years of asso-
ciation, and a devotion that gives the strongest assiirance that
the dignity of this Service will be maintained by meeting
every requirement and discharging every duty.
RECENT PAPERS BEARING ON METEOROLOGY.
Mr. H. H. KIMB~LL. Librarian slid Clirurrtologist.
The subjoined titles have been selected from the contents
of the periodicals and serials recently received in the Library
of the Weather Bureau. The titles selected are of papers or
other communications bearing on meteorology or cognate
branches of science. This is not a complete index of the
meteorological contents of all the journals from which i t has
been compiled; it shows only the articles that appear to the
compiler likely to be of particular interest in connection with
the work of the Weather Bureau. Unsigned articles are inili-
cated by a -.
Kmwledge. London. New Series. Vol. 1.
Scientific American s21S21S21S21S21S21S2LS21S21S21S21S21S213t. New I-ork. Vol. 55. - A scheme for the comparison of climates.
Hopkins, N. Monroe. The construction o f an indicating or re-
Deslandres, H. General organization of solar research. Continu-
P. 2407(J.
Lendenfeld, R von. Climate aud glaciers. Pp. 24071 l-340$2.
- The mechanics of the atmosphere.
Hutchins, C. C. and Pearson, J. C. Air radiation. Pp. 277-
P. 243.
cording tin plate aneroid barometer.
ous registeiing of the variable elernrnts of tlie sun.
Pp. 34U4t~-34(142.
Pp. 34~173-34t174.
American Jour-nal of Science. New Haven. 4th SerieR. Vol. 19.
286.
Symcna'e Meleorological Magazine. London. F W . 39.
-Meteorology at the Britibli Association. Pp. 141-143.
Eliot, John Meteorology at the British Association. Address to the sub-section cosmical physics. [Climate of India Pp. 122-147.1
Shaw, W. N.; Dines, W. H.; Archibald, D.; Boys, C. V.;
Buchan, A.; Glazebrook, R. T.; Mill, H. R. Iiirrntigatiou oP the upper atiflosphere by means of kite5 in co-operation nith a
committee of the Royal Meteorological Society.
Bacon, John M. On upper currents and their relation to tlie hear-
ing of far sound.
- The Dines recording barometer.
Bonacina, L. 0. W. The wettest spot in the United Kingdom.
Pp. 152-153.
Pp. 147-148.
Pp. 149-150.
Pp. 150-151.
Pringle, C. 8. Ball lightning. P. 153.
Russell, Spencer C. Ball lightning. P. 153.
MacGregor, W. Formation of a water spout. Pp. 153-154.
- Relation of rainfall to run off.
- Sun-spot periodicity and terrestrial phenomena.
Poynting, J. H. Racliation in the solar system. Pp. 512-515.
Lockger, William J. 5.
Waite, Percival C. The annual rise and fall of the Nile.
-Scotia Bay meteorological and magnetical station.
Bulletin of the A)nerican Gwgraphicul Society. New Tork. Vol. 36.
Ward, R. DeC. Sunshine and influenza. [Note.] P. 539.
Ward, R. DeC. Climatic iuHuence on vineyarcls. [Note on article
Ward, R. DeC. South African rainfall. [Review of article of J.
Nature. London. Vol. 70.
[Review of paper of George W.
[Abstract of
Astronomy and cosmical physics at the
Rafter.] Pp. 299-300.
work of O'Reilly.] P. 513.
British Association. Pp. 536-538.
Scottish Geographical 3fagazine. Edinburgh. Vol. 20.
Pp. 543-544.
P. 55'2.
o f Ricliarcl Straclian. ] P. 540.
R. Snttou.] P. 543.
article o f R. T. A. Iuues.1
W[ard], R. DeC. Transraal nieteon)logical service. [Note on
Pp. 5-13-544.
- The colcle4 region of h e iarth. [Note.] Pp. 546-547.
W[a:.d], R. DeC. Antarctic meteorology. [Review of work R.
Nippoldt, A. On the investigation of simultaneous occurrences in
C . Mossman.] P. 647.
dttiericcrn Inaentor. New I-ork. Vol. 20.
the solar activity and terrestrial magnetism. Pp. 202-206.
Geographical ,Jourtial. Londow. 1'01. 24.
Watson, E. R. On the ionization of air in vessels immersed in deep water. Pp. 437-441.
Maclagan-Wedderburn, E. Seiches observed in Loch Ness. Pp. 441-422.
H., A. J. The annual rainfall of the British Isles. [Review of paper of H. R. Mill.]
-The magnetism of the earth. [Note on paper of L. A. Bauer.]
Ward, R. DeC. The climatology of the United States: an outline.
Umow, N. Die Construction deb geonietrischen Bildes des gauss'- schen Potentials, a15 Methode zur Erforschung der Gezetze des
Erc 1 magnet ism II s . Bauer, L. A. The physical decomposition of the earth's perma- nent niaguetic field. No. IV. Pp. 113-133.
Bemmelen, W. van. Magnetic survey of the Dutch East Indies. Pp. 135-136.
Moidrey, J. de. Note sur l'amplitude de I'oscillation diurne de
la d6olinaison inagn6tique et son inegalitb annuelle. Pp. 137-139.
Cold Storage cind f i e Trade Journul. New I-wk. Vol. 28.
Wegemann, Karl. The use of hygrometrical instruments. Pp.
3&33.
Trciiiawtions of the Connecticut Academy of Art8 awl Sciences. New Haven.
VOl. 11.
The Berniuda Islancls, their scenery, cli-
mate, productionq, physiography, natural history, and geology; with qketchrs of their early history and the changes due to man.
Pp. 17-956.
Principles of a~rodynaruics and their application
to some special problems. [Abstract of article of M. Smoluch- owski-Smolan.1 Pp. 639-640.
Possible variation in the solar radiation and its prob-
able effect on terrestrial temperature. [Abstract of article of S. P. Langley.] P. 640.
Dimensions of deep-sea waves and their relation to
nieteortdogical and geographical conditions. [Abstract of article of V. Cornish.] Pp. 640-641.
General circulation of the atmosphere in middle and
higher latitudes.
Pp. 466-468.
Electrical World and Enginter. New Ibrk. Vol. 44.
P. 638.
G'eoyruphiccil Tecrclter. London. 1-01. 2.
Pp. 212-218.
Terrestriul J1aytetiut)b und Atnioaplwric Electricity. Baltimore. 1-01. 9.
Pp . 105- 1 13.
Verrill, Addison, E.
Scioicp dbstmrln. London. Vol. 7 .
B[urbury], S . H
B[orns], H.
B[orns], H.
B[orns], H. [Abstract of article of W. N. Shaw.1 P. 641.
Antmaire (Ip la SociPtP Mdborologique de fiance. Paris. 5 h e annie.
Goutereau, Ch. Sur l'affaiblissement du rayonnenient solaire en
~
Les 6poques d'apparition des premieres glace6 au Japon. [Re-
-La t6lCgrqihie sans fil et la prevision du temps. [Note.] P. 204.
La Nature. Park. S%e annt?e.
- La foudre en boule.
Rudaux, Lucien. Observation du rayon vert. P. 291.
Libert, L. Le solei1 vert. P. 294.
Jullien, Omer. Estraordinaire skheresse dens la region franqaise
19W2-19lJ3. Pp. 189-195.
view of work of Olrada.] Pp. 303-304.
P. 258.
du Mont-Blanc. Pp. 398-299.