William Bland, born in London in 1789, son of a distinguished obstetrician,
passed the examination of the College of Surgeons in 1809. He joined the Royal
Navy where his high principles and impetuous character soon led him into
trouble. On HMS Hesper bound for India, he was challenged to a duel
after throwing a glass of water at a very unpopular purser who, Bland felt,
had unfairly criticized another officer. Bland pleaded with the purser not to
pursue the challenge but was forced to a confrontation with pistols, as a
result of which Case, the purser, was wounded in the abdomen and died shortly
afterwards. The Recorder of Bombay recommended mercy, and Bland was sentenced
to seven years'
transportation12.
Bland arrived in Sydney in 1814 and was freed almost immediately by
Governor Macquarie, who knew of the urgent need for qualified doctors. Bland
worked as medical officer of the Castle Hill Asylum, and, on receiving his
absolute pardon a year later, was examined in accordance with the regulations
in force for all doctors wishing to work in the colony. The three examiners,
D'Arcy Wentworth, William Redfern and Major West, considered him better
qualified than any of
them2 Bland turned
down an official appointment in favour of private practice. At the time
Sydney's young men amused themselves writing scurrilous verse about leading
figures. Bland, who was critical of Macquarie's autocratic governorship, wrote
some anonymous lines in 1818 on Macquarie's habit of attaching his name to
geographical features and monuments. Bland was arrested, charged and spent a
year in goal. He emerged considerably matured and decided to devote the rest
of his life to helping the oppressed and improving the colony. Bland was
involved with WC Wentworth and others in the foundation of the Australian
Patriotic Association, becoming its secretary. In 1839 he published the first
paper putting forward the colony's right to
self-rule12. He and
Wentworth, who had deep respect for each other, were both elected to the first
Legislative Council.
Since he enjoyed a good income as a private doctor Bland gave his time to
several philanthropic institutions. For forty years he was honorary surgeon to
the Benevolent Asylum, Australia's first free hospital for the sick poor.
Bland's work there attracted international recognition when, in 1832, he
operated on a patient with an aneurysm of the innominate artery. This was one
of the first such operations in the world, and took place twenty years before
anaesthesia was introduced to Australia. The patient lived for 18 days after
surgery, and later that year Bland's detailed description of the case and the
aneurysm needle he invented was published in The
Lancet13. His
other surgical procedures included cataract operations, removal of tumours and
amputations. Unlike many surgeons at the time, Bland was known to resort to
the knife only when he felt there was no other option.
William Bland, an eloquent speaker and writer, included subjects as varied
as ‘Dislocations’, ‘Sanitary Reform’ and ‘Bites
of Venomous snakes in Australia’ among his published work. He was very
involved with the foundation of the Sydney Dispensary in 1826 and worked there
for the next twenty years. The Dispensary provided the poor with treatment at
home or as outpatients, and carried out Australia's first vaccination
programme on over 400 children. Bland was aware of the importance of education
to the future success of the colony. In 1830 Sydney College, which later
became the grammar school, was founded with William Bland as president. He was
also a generous benefactor to the Sydney Mechanics School of Arts founded
three years later. In February 1859 the Australian Medical Association held
its first meeting with Bland as its enthusiastic
president14.
Despite having 87 Fellows it lasted only eleven years, and the present AMA
grew out of a second attempt by the British Medical Association.
A man of great energy and originality of thought, Bland was responsible for
some remarkable inventions. There had been much concern about spontaneous
combustion in the holds of ships carrying wool. He suggested flooding the hold
with carbon dioxide gas, and a working model was on show at the 1851 Great
Exhibition in London. His method was successfully used in several coal mines
in Britain11.
Another invention was his ‘atmotic ship’—a balloon inflated
by hydrogen gas ‘for the navigation of the atmosphere’. He foresaw
developments in aeronautics including reduction of travel times and
exploration of some of the world's remotest regions. William Bland died at the
age of 79 in 1868; he saw patients to the last and eventually succumbed to the
influenza he was treating in others. The skills, humanity and public service
of this great patriot were recognized by a state funeral.
William Redfern, D'Arcy Wentworth and William Bland are representative of a
group who arrived despised and disadvantaged in an alien land. In spite of
their handicaps they not only succeeded in proving themselves to be upright
and reliable citizens of their adopted country but also contributed enormously
to its development. Though always sensitive to personal insults regarding
their past, they gained great respect as the colony became established and
achieved self-government. The exuberance that led to their transportation,
once tempered, helped lay the foundations of one of the six colonies that
became the Commonwealth of Australia a hundred years ago.