This glossary is provided for your information only; it is not meant to be relied
upon as a complete or authoritative description of the terms defined below or of
the privacy and/or security ramifications of the technologies described.
அகராதி
உறுதிப்படுத்தல்
The use of a password, சான்றிதழ், personal identification number
(PIN), or other information to validate an identity over a computer
network.
புத்தகக்குறி
A stored வலையப் பக்கம் address (URL)
that you can go to easily by clicking a புத்தகக்குறி icon in the புத்தகக்குறிகள் கருவிப்பட்டை
or choosing the புத்தகக்குறி's name from the Bookmarks menu.
புத்தகக்குறிகள் கருவிப்பட்டை
The customizable toolbar that appears just below the இடப்பட்டை by
default in &brandShortName;. It contains buttons for your favorite புத்தகக்குறிs
(or folders containing groups of புத்தகக்குறிs) that you can add or remove.
விரைவு நினைவகம்
A collection of வலையப் பக்கம் copies stored on your computer's hard disk or in
its random-access memory (RAM). &brandShortName; accumulates these copies as you
browse the Web. When you click a link or type a
URL to fetch a particular வலையப் பக்கம் for
which the விரைவு நினைவகம் already contains a copy, &brandShortName; compares the விரைவு நினைவகம்d copy
to the original. If there have been no changes, &brandShortName; uses the விரைவு நினைவகம்d
copy rather than refetching the original, saving processing and download time.
சான்றிதழ்
The digital equivalent of an ID card. A சான்றிதழ் specifies the name of an
individual, company, or other entity and certifies that a public key, which
is included in the சான்றிதழ், belongs to that entity. When you digitally
sign a message or other data, the digital signature for that message is
created with the aid of the தனிப்பட்ட சாவி that corresponds to the public key
in your சான்றிதழ்.
கிளியன்ட்
Software (such as an இணையம் browser) that sends requests to and receives
information from a சேவையகம், which is usually running
on a different computer. A computer on which கிளியன்ட் software runs is also
described as a கிளியன்ட்.
குக்கி
A small bit of information stored on your computer by some வலையப்பக்கம்s. When
you visit such a site, the site asks &brandShortName; to place one or more குக்கிs
on your hard disk. Later, when you return to the site, &brandShortName; sends the
site the குக்கிs that belong to it. Cookies help வலையப்பக்கம்s keep track of
information about you, such as the contents of your shopping cart. You can set
your குக்கிs options to control how குக்கிs are used and how much information
you are willing to let வலையப்பக்கம்s store on them.
குறிமுறையில் எழுதும் கலை
The art and practice of scrambling (encrypting) and unscrambling (decrypting)
information. For example, cryptographic techniques are used to scramble and unscramble
information flowing between commercial வலையப்பக்கம்s and &brandShortName;.
மறையீடு நீக்கம்
The process of unscrambling data that has been encrypted. See also
குறிமுறையாக்கல்.
The process of scrambling information in a way that disguises its meaning.
For example, encrypted connections between computers make it very difficult
for third-parties to unscramble, or decrypt, information flowing
over the connection. Encrypted information can be decrypted only by someone
who possesses the appropriate key.
விரிவுப்படுத்தக்கூடிய சுட்டு மொழி (XML)
An open standard for describing data. Unlike HTML, XML allows the
developer of a வலையப் பக்கம் to define special tags. For more information,
see the online W3C document Extensible
Markup Language (XML).
புகுத்துக
An XML வலையப் பக்கம் that contains a list of links to
other வலையப் பக்கம்s. Special programs can read புகுத்துகs to create a list
of headlines from the links, automatically updating the list as it changes.
News வலையப்பக்கம்s use புகுத்துகs to quickly publish the latest headlines, and
personal online journals often use புகுத்துகs to quickly notify visitors about
new entries. See also இயக்க புத்தகக்குறி .
கோப்பு மாற்று வரைமுறை (FTP)
A standard that allows users to transfer files from one computer to
another over a network. You can use &brandShortName; to fetch files
using FTP.
FIPS PUBS 140-1
Federal Information Processing Standards Publications (FIPS PUBS) 140-1 is
a US government standard for implementations of cryptographic modules —
hardware or software that encrypts and decrypts data or performs other
cryptographic operations (such as creating or verifying digital signatures).
Many products sold to the US government must comply with one or more of the
FIPS standards.
இல்லப்பக்கம்
The page &brandShortName; is set to display every time you launch it or when you
click the Home button. Also used to refer to the main page for a
வலையப்பக்கம் from which you can explore the rest of the site.
மீஉரை சுட்டு மொழி (HTML)
The document format used for வலையப் பக்கம்s. The HTML standard defines tags, or
codes, used to define the text layout, fonts, style, images, and other
elements that make up a வலையப் பக்கம்.
இணையம்
A worldwide network of millions of computers that communicate with each
other using standard protocols such as
TCP/IP.
Originally developed for the US military in 1969, the இணையம் grew to include
educational and research institutions and, in the late 1990s, millions of
businesses, organizations, and individuals. Today the இணையம் is used for email,
browsing the உலக வலையப்பக்கம், instant messaging,
mailing lists and usegroups, and many other purposes.
இணையம் protocol address (IP address)
The address of a computer on a
TCP/IP network.
Every computer on the இணையம் has an IP address. Clients
have either a permanent IP address or one that is dynamically assigned to them
each time they connect with the network.
ஜாவா
A programming language developed by Sun Microsystems. A single ஜாவா program
can run on many different kinds of computers, thus avoiding the need for
programmers to create a separate version of each program for each kind of
computer. After ஜாவா is installed, &brandShortName; can automatically download
and run ஜாவா programs (also called applets).
ஜாவாScript
A scripting language commonly used to construct வலையப் பக்கம்s. Programmers use
ஜாவாScript to make வலையப் பக்கம்s more interactive; ஜாவாScript is often used to
dynamically validate forms and select buttons. ஜாவாScript can be used with
ஜாவா, but it is technically a separate language. ஜாவா is not required for
ஜாவாScript to work correctly.
இயக்க புத்தகக்குறி
A special type of புத்தகக்குறி that acts as a folder to contain the links in a
புகுத்துக. You can create a இயக்க புத்தகக்குறி by visiting a site
with a புகுத்துக, clicking on the இயக்க புத்தகக்குறி icon in the இடப்பட்டை, and
selecting the புகுத்துக you wish to use.
இடப்பட்டை
The field (and associated buttons) near the top of a &brandShortName; window
where you can type a URL or search terms.
முதன்மை கடவுச்சொல்
A password used to protect saved passwords and other private data.
&brandShortName; will prompt you for your முதன்மை கடவுச்சொல் when you wish to
access this data. If you have multiple security devices, each security device
will require a separate முதன்மை கடவுச்சொல்.
வழிகாட்டி கருவிப்பட்டை
The toolbar near the top of the &brandShortName; window that includes
the Back and Forward buttons.
கடவுச்சொல் மேலாளர்
The part of &brandShortName; that can help you remember some or all of
your names and passwords by storing them on your computer's hard disk and
entering them for you automatically when you visit such sites.
PKCS #11
The public-key குறிமுறையில் எழுதும் கலை standard that governs security devices such
as smart cards.
செருகுபயன்பாடு
செருகுபயன்பாடுs add new capabilities to &brandShortName;, such as the ability to
play audio or video clips. Unlike other kinds of helper applications, a செருகுபயன்பாடு
installs itself into the செருகுபயன்பாடுs directory within the main
&brandShortName; installation directory and typically can be opened within
&brandShortName; itself (internally). For example, an audio செருகுபயன்பாடு lets you
listen to audio files on a வலையப் பக்கம் or in an e-mail message. Macromedia
Flash Player and ஜாவா are both examples of செருகுபயன்பாடு applications.
தனிப்பட்ட சாவி
One of a pair of keys used in public-key குறிமுறையில் எழுதும் கலை. The தனிப்பட்ட சாவி is
kept secret and is used to decrypt data that has been encrypted with the
corresponding public key.
மாற்று
An intermediary or "go-between" program that acts as both a
சேவையகம் and a கிளியன்ட் for
the purpose of making requests on behalf of other கிளியன்ட்s.
தேடல் எஞ்சின்
A web-based program that allows users to search for and retrieve
specific information from the உலக வலையப்பக்கம். The தேடல் எஞ்சின் may
search the full text of web documents or a list of keywords; it may
also use librarians who review web documents and index them manually
for retrieval. Typically, the user types a word or phrase into a
search box, and the தேடல் எஞ்சின் displays links to relevant web
pages.
பாதுகாப்பான பக்கம்
A site that uses குறிமுறையாக்கல் in connections
with &brandShortName; to prevent other malicious இணையம் users from
viewing transmitted data. When you visit பாதுகாப்பான பக்கம்s, &brandShortName;
displays a lock icon in the நிலைமைப் பட்டை and the
இடப்பட்டை. &brandShortName; also
displays the site's domain name in the நிலைமைப் பட்டை (to prevent malicious
sites from stealing your data) and turns the background of the Location
Bar to yellow.
Some sites may consist of both secure and insecure data; the insecure data
usually is non-private, although it isn't guaranteed to be so. For such
sites &brandShortName; will display a lock icon with a slash through it in
the நிலைமைப் பட்டை and இடப்பட்டை and will not display the site's
domain name in the நிலைமைப் பட்டை so that you know that the current வலையப் பக்கம்
isn't completely secure.
பாதுகாப்பான ஸாக்கெட்டுகள் அடுக்கமைப்பு (SSL)
A protocol that allows mutual உறுதிப்படுத்தல் between a
கிளியன்ட் and a சேவையகம்
for the purpose of establishing an authenticated and encrypted
connection. SSL runs above TCP/IP and below HTTP, LDAP, IMAP, NNTP,
and other high-level network protocols. The new இணையம் Engineering
Task Force (IETF) standard called Transport Layer Security (TLS) is
based on SSL. See also உறுதிப்படுத்தல்,
குறிமுறையாக்கல்.
சேவையகம்
Software (such as software that serves up வலையப் பக்கம்s) that receives
requests from and sends information to a கிளியன்ட்,
which is usually running on a different computer. A computer on which
சேவையகம் software runs is also described as a சேவையகம்.
நிலைமைப் பட்டை
The toolbar that appears at the bottom of any &brandShortName; window. It
shows status icons on the right.
Transmission Control Protocol/இணையம் Protocol (TCP/IP)
A Unix protocol used to connect computers running a variety of operating systems.
TCP/IP is an essential இணையம் protocol and has become a global standard.
Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
The standardized address that tells &brandShortName; how to locate a file or
other resource on the Web (for example, http://www.mozilla.org).
Type URLs into &brandShortName;'s இடப்பட்டை to access வலையப் பக்கம்s. URLs
are also used in the links on வலையப் பக்கம்s go to other வலையப் பக்கம்s. Also known
as an இணையம் or Web address.
வலையப் பக்கம்
A single document on the உலக வலையப்பக்கம் that is specified by a unique
address or URL. A வலையப் பக்கம் may contain text, hyperlinks, and graphics.
வலையப்பக்கம்
A group of related வலையப் பக்கம்s linked by hyperlinks and managed by a single
company, organization, or individual. A வலையப்பக்கம் may include text, graphics,
audio and video files, and links to other வலையப்பக்கம்s.
உலக வலையப்பக்கம்
Also known as the Web. A portion of the இணையம் that is made up of web
pages stored by web சேவையகம்s and displayed by
கிளியன்ட்s called web browsers (such as
&brandShortName;).